Pharmacology Food and Drug Administration and...

PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION MED 1150 CHAPTER 1- Questions: 1, 2,3,4,7,10,11,13,14,15,16,18 CHAPTER REVIEW PAGE 18-20 QUIZ YOUR SELF 1. Describe the linguistic origin/etiology of the following words * Pharmacology: The study of drugs and the interactions with living tissue. * Origin of Pharmacology: Greek word pharmakon meaning medicine or drug * Drug: Any nonfood chemical substance that affect the mind and body. * Origin of Drug: Dutch word droog meaning dry for dried herbs and plants that were the 1st medicine. * Medicine: A drug administered for preventative, diagnostic, or therapeutic agent. * Origin for Medicine: Latin word for drug is medicina meaning medicine or medication†¦show more content†¦Examples: * Antibiotic drugs to kill bacteria and cure an infection * Analgesic drugs to control the pain and inflammation of arthritis * Insulin to treat diabetes 4. Give the meaning of and describe the linguistic origin of RX. *The symbol RX comes from the Latin word recipe meaning take, which indicates a prescription, the combining of ingredients to form a drug. Some ingredients had the value but others were worthless or actually harmful. 7. Name three ancient â€Å"medicines† that seem silly or outrageous to us today. * Spider webs * Dirt, * Sour Milk 10. Describe the social and consumer safety circumstances that led to the passage of each a. The Food and Drugs Act of 1906: This worthless, mislabeled and dangerous drugs led to 1st drug laws with an accurate labeling law added in 1912 b. The Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938: Sulfonamide tested for flavor and fragrance but not safety, children died and 350 more were poisoned. This act made it so the sale of unsafe drugs could be stopped, that toxic drugs could be seized, and the burden of proof was given to the manufactures to show data of safety experiments. c. Kefauver-Harris Amendment of 1962: Thalidomide used for morning sickness in West Germany which led to 8000 deformed baby limbs. The USA refused to approve. The Act tighten control on new and prescription drugs, while drugs had to be shownShow MoreRelatedPropriety Research Paper810 Words   |  4 Pagesfor the food and drug administration to approve it. However, don’t be fooled not all drugs on the market are FDA approved rather they are prescription or over the counter. Through this paper I will be giving my opinions on this whole process and proven facts that go about with it. On the average, it took 34 months for the FDA to approve a new drug. Coming up with drug names and the process that goes with it. There are 3 names that are involved in the process when it comes to naming a drug. First youRead MorePharmacology Essay examples1617 Words   |  7 PagesCHAPTER 1: Pharmacology is defined as the STUDYING OF DRUGS, THEIR USES, AND THEIR INTERACTIONS IN LIVING TISSUE The physician must have permission from the FDA to dispose of any outdated medications. FALSE What government agency or agencies control prescription or legend medications? A AND C (DRUG ENFORCEMENT AGENCY AND FDA) Drug testing is done on which of the following before being named an Investigational New Drug? ANIMALS The physician must keep which of the following recordsRead MoreHow Is Prozac Getting Into Our Drinking Water?950 Words   |  4 Pagesconspiracy theories, it’s really no surprise how Prozac gets in our drinking water. Antidepressants such as Prozac are the most commonly prescribed medications in the United States. With approximately 250 million prescriptions filled annually, they also are the highest-documented drugs contaminating waterways. If you live in an urban area, there’s a good chance your tap water is laced with tiny amounts of antidepressants. Often old pills are flushed down the toilet, or medication is excreted duringRead MoreWhat Is The Food And Drug Administration Agency?991 Words   |  4 PagesThe Food and Drug Administration agency, or more commonly referred as the FDA, is a federal agency that takes charge in protecting the public’s health by certifying the safety, efficiency, and security of civilian and veterinary drugs, biological products, and medical technology; in addition to certifying the safety of our country’s food, supply, cosmetics, and productions that involve radiation. Not only does the FDA have that responsibility, but also the regulation of manufacturing, marketing,Read MoreThe Use Of Sound / Look Alike Drugs Essay956 Words   |  4 PagesWith this paper I am going to compose about the three of these arrangements of sound/look alike drugs. The three sets I am going to elaborate and expand on is Alprazolam and Lorazepam, Hydrocodone, and Oxycodone, and Pentobarbital and Phenobarbital . I will identify each of these medications, furthermore explaining on how the medication ought to be utilized, side effects of the medications, the differences between the set of medications, and what the consequences are if they become mixed up. It’sRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?1324 Words   |  6 Pagesefficacy concerns of the drugs after effects. Short-term effects are the primary causes studied and serve as the benchmark for many medical publications. The short-term use of marijuana appears to only slightly increase minor adverse effects in the body. It has been determined however that long-term effects of cannabis aren’t clear, and the prolonged usage of this plant seems to show no major adverse effects despite what some people think. Numerous routes of administration are available for medicalRead MoreThe Divergence Of Herbs And Pharmaceuticals1138 Words   |  5 Pagesbetween the two types of medicines must be studies and understood by the user. According to the U.S Food and Drug Administration, a drug is defined as, â€Å"A substance (other than food) intended to affect the structure or any function of the body† (Center†¦). With this in mind, both herbs and scientifically produced medications are to be considered ‘drugs’. It is a common misconception that herbs and drugs are different, and therefore are incomparable. But this is not the case, in fact Doctor of MedicineRead MoreMarijuanas Effectiveness in Pain Management Essay999 Words   |  4 Pagesclinical studies have confirmed the usefulness of THC, which at doses of 15 to 20mg was found to be comparable to 60 to 120mg pharmaceutical painkillers. But which form of pain management is safer? Marijuana is more effective than pharmaceutical drugs, and over the counter medications, specifically in pain management. Marijuana is well studied in the scientific and medical literature and clearly has effective pain relieving properties (Fishman, 2007). Research focused on marijuana has increasinglyRead MoreFda s Drug Approval Process : History, Pre Market, And Post Market1881 Words   |  8 PagesLarson Prof. Barbara Roark PLS 130 1 July 2015 The FDA’s Drug Approval Process: History, Pre-Market, and Post-Market I. Introduction The Food and Drug Administration is a regulation agency within the Department of Health and Human Services. It’s role in our nation is to be responsible for â€Å"protecting the public health by assuring the safety, efficacy and security of human and veterinary drugs, biological products, medical devices, our nation’s food supply, cosmetics, and products that emit radiation†Read MoreMXE, a New Designer Drug1523 Words   |  7 Pagesclass which† is now sold as the new designer drug called MXE, a deadly drug yet legal for people to purchase. One can only imagine what effect this drug has on humans. This MXE is a synthetic drug can be snorted or injected into the bloodstream. It has been reported that people who have tried this new drug have had out of body experiences. MXE is a legal drug with a high that can be deadly. There is not yet enough information on this new designer drug to give alarming statistics. Our society sees

Success By Malcolm Gladwell - 1598 Words

In society, there is a common misconception that success simply arises from a combination of an individual s innate talent and drive to acquire success. However, in the book Outliers-The Story of Success by Malcolm Gladwell, Gladwell introduces a new and different perspective of the foundation of success, and proposes that other factors contribute to and can even determine the likelihood of someone succeeding. Aspects such as hidden advantages, upbringing, timing, and cultural legacies play a significant role in how well one will do in this world. The outliers of society are the individuals who, because of their chance opportunities, have cultivated their inner talents and abilities to become successful. Hidden advantages play a†¦show more content†¦As Gladwell dives deeper into the success stories of notable figures, their stories all share a common theme that â€Å"their success was not just of their own making† (67) but was â€Å"a product of the world in which they grew up in.†(67) The special opportunities hidden in their lives allowed them to achieve the 10,000 hours needed to master their craft, one of Gladwell’s essential components for the recipe to success. Bill Gates, a distinguished figure in the software world serves as a prime example as a beneficiary of the hidden advantages received that launched him into a path to success. Bill Gates’ â€Å"sheer brilliance and ambition and guts† (50) were not the only reasons for his success. Gates’ success is owed to his opportunity to â€Å"do real-time programming as an eighth grader in 1968† (51), essentially setting him up to become successful, as others did not have the same opportunities as he did. If Bill Joy had not had â€Å"an extraordinary, early opportunity to learn programming†(51) and the Beatles had not had the opportunity to perform â€Å"for 270 nights on just over a year and a half† (50), would they have become just as successful? Through these cases, Gladwell makes it evident that the role of chance opportunities is significant and vital to the likelihood of one becoming successful. An individual’s chance of success is predetermined by their family background and upbringing. As Gladwell investigates those who were successful and thoseShow MoreRelatedHow Success Is Achieved By Malcolm Gladwell1199 Words   |  5 PagesPsychology How Success Is Really Achieved Outliers: The Story Of Success written by Malcolm Gladwell tells us the story and behind the scenes view of a few â€Å"outliers†- men and women that do things out of the ordinary. Malcolm Gladwell started off writing a range of non-fiction novels. His academic studies and materials have granted him to write about psychological experiments and sociological studies in the vernacular, therefore allowing broad audiences to understand his thesis. Gladwell was frequentlyRead MoreSuccess And Success : Malcolm Gladwell s Outliers : The Story Of Success1843 Words   |  8 PagesWendy Villalpando Professor Dobyns English 100- CRN#10915 01 December 2015 Luck VS. Success There may be no topic that more easily divides two set of people more than when they talk about success and luck. Some of them find it easy to associate success with luck rather than hard work and talent. Many conservatives would be the one to celebrate success as an almost imminent result of talent, effort, and hard work. Liberals, on the other hand, believe that even when people who work hard and areRead MoreAnalysis Of Malcolm Gladwell s The Story Of Success 1963 Words   |  8 PagesAbstract Malcolm Gladwell focuses on an individual’s ability to effect change within society. Outliers deal with the cultural and societal forces that give rise to opportunistic individuals. Most people when telling a story about a successful person usually only focusses on intelligence and ambition. In the book Outliers Malcolm Gladwell generally argues that the true story of success is ultimately very different, and that if we as individuals want to understand how some people thrive, we shouldRead MoreOutliers-The Story of Success, by Malcolm Gladwell Essay1894 Words   |  8 PagesOutliers-The Story of Success is a sociological, and psychological non-fiction book, which discusses success, and the driving reasons behind why some people are significantly more successful than others. Malcolm Gladwell explains this by dividing the book into two parts, opportunity and legacy. Opportunity discusses how select people are fortunate enough to be born between the months of January through Ma rch, and also includes the idea that those who are already successful will have more opportunitiesRead MoreAnalysis Of Malcolm Gladwell s The Story Of Success 1487 Words   |  6 Pagestheories There are too many times, people have misquoted Malcolm Gladwell’s 10,000- hour rule regarding his being an expert. In his book â€Å"Malcolm Gladwell stated you need to have 10,000 hours in a particular subject to be some sort of expert,† they will often state. The dispute is that, they’re duplicating a misquote from somebody else who has never actually read the book. The 10,000-hour rule is from Gladwell’s book â€Å"The Story of Success† in which if you ever have the chance in reading it I highlyRead MoreWhat Is Success? Wealth and Support? or Opportunity and Talent? (Malcolm Gladwell)790 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is Success? Wealth And Support? Or Opportunity And Talent? Every author is different than one another. Some write fiction, some write non-fiction. Others like to argue and introduce their theories and ideologies to the world. But all authors have one thing in common: each writer has a main point, or main idea, to get across the papers and into our heads. Whether it is a short story, chapter book, article, or even a paragraph written down. Every wordRead MoreIt’s All About the Drive in Outliers: The Story of Success by Malcolm Gladwell657 Words   |  3 PagesIn the second chapter of his book â€Å"Outliers: The Story of Success,† Malcolm Gladwell introduces what he believes to be a key ingredient in the recipe for success: practice. The number of hours he says one must practice to obtain expert-level proficiency in a particular skill is ten thousand hours. He goes on to list several examples of successful individuals and makes the correlation between the amount of hours they practiced their skill and when they achieved e xpert-level proficiency (almost alwaysRead MoreSimilarities and Differences of Outliers: The Story of Success, by Malcolm Gladwell, and the Essay Self-Reliance, by Ralph Waldo Emerson881 Words   |  4 PagesOutliers: The Story of Success, by Malcolm Gladwell, and the essay Self-Reliance, by Ralph Waldo Emerson, interact with each other quite well with many similarities and differences. In Gladwell’s book, he shares many stories of how people become successful, explaining that success is not achieved based on the character traits and work habits of an individual. He says, â€Å"We all know that successful people come from hardy seeds. But do we know enough about the sunlight that warmed them, the soil inRead MoreOutlier1537 Words   |  7 Pageshave thought and understood success compared to the way Malcolm Gladwell argues is the circumstances and families that create success. Previous to reading this book, I strongly believed that the way to become successful was to put i n hard work. For example, my theory to success was similar along the lines to what Malcolm Gladwell discusses earlier in the book. He says, â€Å"Practice isn’t the thing you do once you’re good. It’s the thing you do that makes you good†(Gladwell, 2008). I believed if you practicedRead MoreOutliers, By Malcolm Gladwell1245 Words   |  5 Pagesspan of 3 years? Malcolm Gladwell, the author of Outliers, suspects that there is something more behind this occurrence than just a simple coincidence. He asserts that there is no such thing as a self-made man and success does not come from natural talent, rather it comes from extraordinary opportunities and hidden advantages. In Outliers, Gladwell attempts to debunk the myth that people are successful because of themselves, and not because of other factors. Even Malcolm Gladwell acknowledges that

Discussion on Toyota Motor Corporation-Free-Samples-Myassignment

Question: Who is the CEO of the TMC ? How long has he/she been CEO? Answer: Akio Toyoda (CEO of TMC) (Source: Toyota, 2017) Introduction Toyota Motor Corporation (TMC) is the listed Japanese Company (TM: NYSE) engaged in production and sales of motor vehicles, accessories and spare parts. TMC was founded in August 28, 1937. CEO of TMC Akio Toyoda was born in May 3, 1956. He is 61 years old. He joined the company in April 1984 (Toyota, 2017). Initially he has posted in every automotive operation both in and outside Japan and in June 2000 he became the member of the Board of directors. After that in June 2002, he became the Managing Director and June 2003 he positioned as a senior Managing Director. Further in January 2005, he became the chief officer of both China operations Group and Asia, Oceania and Middle East operations group. Then in June 2005, he became the Executive Vice President where he has the responsibility for maintaining quality, purchase, sales and operations department both for Japan and Overseas. Then since June 2009, Akio Toyoda is the CEO/President of TMC. Family Run Company Toyota Motor Corporation is the Family run company because Akio Toyoda is the grandson of the founder of TMC. He is the part of the Organization from the date of foundation of TMC (Bloomberg, 2017). Total Communication Total calculated remuneration earned by Akio Toyoda during Fiscal year 2016 was 351 million (Form 20-F, 2016) which included 102 million in base compensation and 248 million in bonus. Equity Owned by CEO Akio Toyoda also owned 4, 650, 275 common shares during fiscal year 2016. References Toyota, 2017, Akio Toyoda, viewed on 6 August 2017 from https://toyotanews.pressroom.toyota.com/article_display.cfm?article_id=2280. Bloomberg, 2017, Toyota Motor Corp (7203: Tokyo), viewed on 6 August 2017 from https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/people/person.asp?personId=1828739privcapId=319676. Toyota Global Newsroom, 2017, Akio Toyoda, viewed on 6 August 2017 from https://newsroom.toyota.co.jp/en/detail/1438260/. Form 20-F, 2016, Toyota Motor Corporation, viewed on 6 August 2017 from https://www.toyota-global.com/pages/contents/investors/ir_library/sec/pdf/20-F_201603_final.pdf.

Tim Hertach free essay sample

Tim Hertach exemplifies many of the qualities and traits needed to be a good leader and influence others. He shows integrity and confidence, is forward-thinking and competent. In addition, he seems to be an effective manager, receiving an overall positive evaluation and reinforcement from his senior partners. Though this would suggest he holds some personal power with upper management, he is unable to influence the two recent issues described in the case. Hertach needed to focus on two general ways in which he could have better influenced his senior partners: through his personal leader development and tactical approach. The first would have taken time prior to the introduction of either issue: evaluate and improve his EQ (emotional intelligence). He needed to evaluate his strengths and weaknesses, and in-turn work to gain personal power and empowerment from his senior managers. In truth, he needed to have focused on this from the point that he became partner. We will write a custom essay sample on Tim Hertach or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The second again involves his EQ but focuses on his immediate reaction and approach in the moment. Hertach needed to better evaluate his tactical approach in influencing upward before responding in the revaluation meeting or sending the initial email questioning past practices. Regarding his personal power development at GLC, Hertach needed to improve his relationship management and social awareness. Understanding the GLC culture and his superiors (the senior partners), should have been something Hertach did from the moment he was promoted. With a stronger EQ he may have done this and would have realized that not all styles of leadership are successful in every situation. He also would have realized that he would need to adapt his own style when dealing with the senior partners. New principal, Joe Clark in Lean on Me experiences this same phenomenon. Though in Clark’s case he is managing downward, he also takes a Theory X, assertive leading approach. Like Hertach, Clark’s staff does not react well to this style of leading. However by the end of the film Clark changes his approach to group cooperation and is much more successful. Understanding his staff helped him realize he needed to adapt his style of leading. This could also work in leading and influencing upward for Hertach. Hertach is described as a strong-willed leader who takes pride in his â€Å"blunt† approach with clients. His honesty, filled with rationality and logic, seems to be generally appreciated by clients. However, he attempts these same tactics with his senior partners and is ignored. The difference between his clients and his senior partners is trust. Expertise presented in the correct way, can be an avenue for influencing upward as is seen in the film Erin Brockovich, especially if the person presenting seems to care deeply about the cause. Brockovich, though brash in her approach is able to show her knowledge and affection for her clients and gains credibility that way. Hertach was not communicating to the senior partners in the most efficient way for his audience. Understanding the management and communication styles of superiors is important. Not to mention that, like Tom Green in Challenge The Boss or Stand Down, a subordinate should never challenge upper management in a public forum. Even with the evidence to support his opinions, Hertach’s ideas would not have been considered. He caused humiliation and anxiety in a public situation, effectively losing any trust he may have had with the senior partners presenting and those present in the meeting. Likewise, Hertach should not have included the CEO on the email to the two senior partners regarding the unethical billing practices. Building trust requires building relationships. Hertach needed to manage and develop relationships with the senior partners. In an environment such as GLC, where a large amount of hires occur internally and the culture emphasizes â€Å"friendly† communication, internal relationships are key to gaining personal power. To effectively influence, it would also benefit him to be â€Å"liked† by the senior partners. He did focus on one relationship with Morton, however Morton’s lack of history at the firm (as he was an outside hire) could suggest that he does not hold as much power as other senior partners. Though Hertach gets along well with him and they develop some loyalty towards each other, he should have focused on gaining support from other senior partners as well. Another facet of this audience includes his peers, the other partners. Many partners and managers beneath him had agreed privately with his concerns. He should have organized support within this group. Perhaps a coalition could have more effectively presented a united front and opinion to the senior partners. Had Hertach improved his EQ, chosen a different forum and approach, he would still have needed to employ better influencing and persuasive tactics to succeed in managing up. He did employ rationality, which gave him a certain level of credibility. As described in the Managing Up article reasoning and logic are valued highly in our society and researchers indeed found that managers who use reason more than other managers tend to be regarded as higher performing. Perhaps if Hertach had combined this with the ingratiation tactic, he would have been more successful. Because he did not have existing relationships, he should have focused on influencing tactics that could engender trust with his senior partners in short period of time. Hertach should have made himself seem less threatening and avoided assertiveness. He could have tried to speak with any of the senior partners after hours in a non-work related atmosphere and tried to find commonalities on a more personal level. In Challenge the Boss or Stand Down, Tom Green makes this type of connection with a VP at a training session which eventually leads to a job opportunity. Finding common ground and making a connection with Shannon prompts a conversation where he impresses her. This idea is further confirmed by the theory in The Science of Persuasion which outlines tendencies of human behavior that can affect a positive response in influencing or persuading. One of the tendencies described that also applies to this idea is Liking. Hertach should have kept this in mind when trying to influence his senior partners. The Science of Persuasion article explains that people prefer to say yes to those they like. Creating connections or relationships with his senior partners and finding similarities as explained above, leads to liking. Directness or assertiveness can have the opposite effect, placing people on the defensive and essentially distancing oneself from them. Hertach should have chosen more positive routes to be perceived as likeable. Compliments and cooperation, for example, could have helped in influencing, or they may not have. Either way, Hertach did not have good impression management which affected the senior partners’ response to his concerns. At the present point, Hertach would need to evaluate how his actions have affected his potential within GLC and whether they could help dictate his future success. His interactions with the senior partners and approach in these two situations may have resulted in permanent resentment and distrust. Likely the senior partners, as a group, are loyal to one another. It is also fair to assume that they are not leaving any time soon. The forecasted 6 senior  partners expected to leave the firm after the revaluation plan was put into effect, did not. Creating a poor rapport with those persons that hold positional power in the company, is not the way to gain personal power or succeed, and Hertach may have caused irreparable damage. Next, Hertach needs to think about his fit within the company and office culture. His concerns are valid. The company could suffer financially under the new revaluation program and the billing practices are unethical. Unfortunately, it does not look like GLC is the type of culture that embraces change. While investigating the billing practices, there are many people who knew about the practices and said nothing, or did not see a problem with them. As the reinforcement theory suggests, when accepted behavior is rewarded that same behavior will continue. Perhaps if he held greater positional power, Hertach would be more successful in changing GLC, but it seems this behavior has been widely accepted and taught within GLC. He has two options: he can apologize and try to gain back trust; or he can go into a line of work that seems to fit his style better. I would suggest the latter. Dorel Juvenile Group is a consumer products company and I’ve learned a great deal from my experience over the past three years. Tim Hertach’s honest, ethical and expert leading style is exactly what a company looks for in someone who runs their own operation and as a consultant. He would create his own schedule, terms, and continue to advise clients. Hertach’s client relationships are a strength. If he employs the same tactics on an individual consulting level, he would be able to self-manage and his clients would continue to be the ones who would empower him.

I hate my job three signs you need to move on

I hate my job three signs you need to move on Everyone goes into a new job with a sense of optimism. New place, new coworkers, new responsibilities- what’s not to be optimistic about? After that initial buzz, however, you suddenly realize: I hate my job. It’s rarely in your interest to quit on the spot when you have that revelation, so how long should you stay? Let’s look at a couple of different scenarios. When seriously bad things are happeningIf you’ve discovered that there are illegal or harmful things going on at work, or your work is causing you serious physical issues, then you should seriously consider getting out now. It’s a safety issue.When you hate your boss, and your work is starting to sufferIf your work is making you miserable and you just can’t seem to get along with your boss, then it’s time to start thinking hard about your exit strategy. But if you can hold on for a few weeks or months while you start putting out feelers about a new job, then you should delay ha nding in that resignation letter.When you’re bored or mildly unhappyIf your job isn’t challenging you like it should or you have a general diagnosis of Over It-itis, then definitely start thinking about your next steps. Don’t quit just yet. Because this isn’t an emergency, you have some time to do some soul-searching about why you’re unhappy at work and what you can do to fix that. It may be that adjusting your workload or taking on different projects could make you happier and more fulfilled at work.Before you quit, talk with your boss (without issuing any ultimatums) and let him know you’re interested in taking on more opportunities, or changing up your role. If he’s receptive, then give these new responsibilities a try. If he’s not, or you’ve tried out this new regime and you’re still unhappy, then step up your efforts to find another job before you quit this one. Remember that fairly or not, it’s almost always easier to find a job while you already have one.Here’s what you need to consider before you quit, under any of these scenarios:What is my financial situation? Do I have enough savings to cover a potentially months-long job search?Do I have some good potential job leads lined up, or an interim plan (like freelancing or consulting)?Are there any skills I will need to build before I try to get a comparable job (or a step-up job)?Is there anything that I could do or ask of my boss that would make my job bearable again?It’s best to have a plan here; the last thing you want to do is quit your job in a huff, and then realize that you’ve made a mistake. Sometimes leaving is the right thing to do, and quitting can push you to move your career forward. But if you take that step before you’re ready, you could be opening yourself up to a period of stress and career upheaval unnecessarily.

10 Things You’ll Find Yourself Doing in your Freshman Year

10 Things You’ll Find Yourself Doing in your Freshman Year 10 Things You’ll Find Yourself Doing in Your Freshman Year Your first year at college can be a daunting time. Hopefully you’ll be busy learning all sorts of interesting thing on your chosen course, but you’re bound to get a few life lessons too 1. Unexpected Seminars Colleges are big and confusing places and everyone has gotten lost at some point in the freshman year. Have you turned up in the wrong lecture hall yet? Join the club! 2. Pasta with Pasta Garnish Don’t worry: A lot of your fellow college students will be new to cooking too. The best tip we can give is start with frying an onion and then look around the kitchen to see what else you can add! 3. Creating New Species Even if you aren’t studying biosciences, you might find a few new life-forms growing in your dirty dishes. In time, you’ll get used to using the washing-up as a way to avoid studying! 4. Food Fight! No need to grab your mashed potato catapult just yet. There comes a point in every freshman’s first year when you need to figure out a food sharing system with your roommates. Either share your food or don’t, and be clear. Don’t write angry notes unless you want all your Doritos swiped in the night! 5. Snoozing at the Library Ah†¦ so relaxing, a nice big book to hide your hangover hair. Just try not to snore! 6. Deadlines As Douglas Adams once said: ‘I love deadlines. I love the whooshing noise they make as they go by.’ This sound will get really familiar this year†¦ 7. What am I Doing with my Life? Hey, take it easy. You’ve made some big life decisions. Everyone questions their choices in their first year. But don’t jump ship too soon, ride it out. Talk to some friends and you’ve soon realize that you aren’t the only one worrying. 8. Setting a Trend When you run out of clean clothes, its time to get creative. Whoever thought blue pants would go with a bright orange sweater?! 9. Drunken Mistakes Waking up in the morning with that awful feeling†¦ what have I done? We’ve all been there and whoever you were with last night is probably waking up with a similar feeling†¦ 10. Home Sweet Home You couldn’t wait to get away and now you just can’t stop thinking about Mom’s homemade dinners. Make sure you book in time for regular trips home, since moving out can be pretty hard. If you are really far away from home, write a letter or a postcard. Getting mail back can really brighten up your day.

Public Sector has been hit by the economic downturn and have opted to Dissertation

Public Sector has been hit by the economic downturn and have opted to recruit fixed term or temporary posts rather than recruiti - Dissertation Example Temporary employment is becoming common in Europe and the UK also but its impact on firm performance and productivity has not been studied extensively, state Camerman, Cropanzano, and Vandenberghe. The cost to a company does not merely include the wages and the employee benefits. It should also include the recruitment and selection costs, the costs of training and development, and more importantly the employee contribution towards organizational performance. While it is difficult to measure individual employee contribution towards organizational performance, employee commitment and motivation would, to some extent, impact productivity. The increased use of temporary workers by the public sector has given rise to concerns of employee commitment and consequently the indirect costs associated with temporary or fixed-term workers. 1.2 Rationale for research The public sector employers have a positive outlook on temporary workers, the motivation being that it gives them access to specific skill sets (Woods, 2010). Forty four percent of the public sector employers even site this as essential to the success of their organization. A flexible workforce is essential to allow the businesses to grow. The public sector needs a major transformation and this demands a team of talented professionals to manage change. Skills are required in diverse sectors such as project management, budgetary control, procurement, HR outsourcing and transformation. Flexible workforce appears to be the key to a successful organization. Labour market regulation affects labour productivity growth through its impact on worker motivation and effort. If the wages are below the fair wage perception of the workers, the efforts of employees would be reduced. The higher the wage, the higher will be the effort put in by the employees due to higher cost of job loss (Storm & Naastepad, 2007). A study of 20 OECD countries suggests that regulated labour markets promote long-run labour productivity growth bot h in case of temporary and full-time workers. Regulation raises worker commitment and motivation. Several public sector organizations such as Caerphilly County Borough Council, Cardiff Council, RCT, Torfaen and Merthyr Councils have been employing temporary workers. However, not much of research is available on employee motivation among temporary workers in public sector organizations. It is hence difficult to ascertain to what extent these employees provide competitive advantage. Hence, with the aim to ascertain the strategic decision that public sector organizations should take in staffing and human resources, the research questions for the study are: Are employee commitment and motivation among temporary workers directly related to productivity? To what extent employee motivation and commitment of directly employed temporary workers in public sector organizations differ against the permanent workers? Is it more economical to hire temporary workers against permanent employees taki ng into account the benefits that have to be given to permanent workers in such organizations? 1.3 Definition of terms Temporary workers Temporary workers are employees who are not permanently hired but hired just for limited periods of time (Entrepreneur Media, 2011). They work for a specific purpose for a specified period of time. Motivation Motivation according to Hardre (2003) is an internal process that controls and regulates behavior. It has been defined as a

International business Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

International business - Personal Statement Example I believe that through the course I can gain sufficient knowledge to be able to handle such issues and other related problems associated with international business. My previous educational background has also motivated me to apply for this course. I am currently a BA student in this institution, which is relevant to my course because it entails business issues. So far, I have learned a lot about business administration and management, and I would like to widen this knowledge further to the international level. My choice to apply for the course in this school is because as a student here I have known the institution to be an excellent place. The culture of the school and its diversity are great opportunities to reckon, and they blend with my philosophy. The school values development of leaders and creation of knowledge in business issues, and that is exactly what I believe in. Business rocks the world; this institution creates knowledge in business; and I choose to be here. I am hoping to get a positive feedback from you soon. Thank you for your

Two Descriptions Essay Example for Free

Two Descriptions Essay Description 1: Positive The new city pool was packed with eager patrons. Some stood in line for the massive water slide they’d been waiting all winter to try. Others took turns jumping from the diving boards. Small children splashed and slapped at the water in the wading pool, their mothers never far from reach. Laughter mingled in the air with the smell of buttery popcorn. Occasionally, a surprised scream would erupt, followed by the telltale splash of someone having been pushed into the pool by a friend. Hot afternoon sunlight glistened on the water. Sunbathers stretched and napped on large beach towels. Off to the side, a father and son sat under the food pavilion sharing an ice cream cone. Description 2: Negative The new city pool was at its maximum capacity with 75 patrons packed inside. Impatient children groaned while they waited in a long, snaking line for the massive water slide. A parade of people jumped from two diving boards. Most of these uncoordinated attempts ended in belly flops. Small children squealed, piercing the air with either excitement or horror at the notion of having to get wet. The stench of fried foods and chlorination permeated the air. Mothers chased their unruly offspring all over the burning concrete just to slather on one more pat of sunscreen. The hot afternoon sun cast a blinding white light over the surface of the pool. Sunbathers in a variety of shapes and sizes lay about on beach towels like lazy farm animals. A few feet away, a father and son sat under the food pavilion sharing an ice cream cone. It dripped a sugary liquid onto the concrete. Ants were already making their way to the fresh mess. Analysis Strategy two can be found in the way the long line for the water slide is mentioned in the second description, but not in the first. In description one, the object for which people were waiting was emphasized. In description two, the long line itself was stated. Strategy two was again used at the end of both descriptions. In the first, the reader is left with the sweet impression of a father and son enjoying a special moment. In the second, the reader is left with the image of bugs invading what would have otherwise been a great family moment. The use of strategy three is evident in the way the smell of the air is revealed. In the first description, it is made to sound delicious (â€Å"the smell of buttery popcorn†). In the second, the smell is referred to as a â€Å"stench†. Strategy four was implemented when describing the sunbathers. Description one emphasizes the large towels, while description two suggests the sizes of the sunbathers themselves are large, like â€Å"lazy farm animals.† Strategy five can be seen in description two when fun and games is suggested through â€Å"a friend† being placed at the end of the lengthy sentence. In description two, the diving board experience is accentuated in a negative way via short sentence structure in the line, â€Å"most of these uncoordinated attempts ended in belly flops†. The most important thing learned while completing this exercise is that attention must be paid to how a writer describes something if he or she is to successfully convey the intended tone.

John Updikes A & P :: essays research papers

John Updike's "A & P" Do you remember the grocery store chain A&P? The letters stand for "Atlantic and Pacific Tea Company," and the store used to be one of the most popular in the United States. The third person narrator of a story (or poem, play, or novel) is not the same person as the author. The narrator of this story is named Sammy, which is a kid's or teenager's name; what we call Sammy's "voice," or his own particular way of thinking, comes through very clearly because he is the narrator. His "voice" reveals him to be a dissatisfied young adult male. Sammy is our first example of a narrator who is also a character. Sammy is what we call a 1st person narrator: 1st person: I am Plural: we 2nd person: you are Plural: you are 3rd person: he, she, it is Plural: they are A first-person narrator can present certain problems; e.g., he or she may have something to hide, and so may not be telling us the entire truth, or he or she may not know the entire truth. Do you see any problems in this area regarding Sammy? Judging by his tone of voice--the way he sounds--what kind of person do you think Sammy is? Is he a smart-ass? Is he just a bored kid? Sammy is bored. His entire world consists of the grocery store, which is artificially heated and cooled, and has everything one could ever need in the way of food and many other products. However, Sammy has been in his dead-end job for so long that he has contempt for his customers: he calls them "sheep." One day, when three girls walk into the store, Sammy is strongly attracted to one of them.

Development During Early Adolescence Essay

Can these changes have a significant impact on a variety of developmental outcomes of identity, morality, transitional stages, beginning of puberty and the full commitment to an adult social role, and sexual maturity? Hence, because of the potential impact of these changes, it is important to understand the cycles of adolescents. Life has store many surprises for us as we develop throughout our whole life span. Developmental stages are the progress that occurs in humans from the time they are born until they grow old and die. Originally beginning with infants and children, development will subsequently progress into adolescence, followed by adult, and lastly elderly. The development occurs in many fields, namely physical, perceptual, cognitive, moral and social. Derived from the Latin verb adolescere (to grow into maturity), adolescence is the period of transition from childhood to adulthood. Adolescent is a distinct and dynamic phase of development in the life of an individual. It is a period of transition from childhood to adulthood and is characterized by spurts of physical, mental, emotional and social development. Who considers â€Å"adolescence† to be the period between 10-19 years of age, which generally encompasses the time from the beginning of puberty to the full legal age. The early adolescent developmental period is when individuals experience many changes, including the biological changes associated with puberty, important changes in relations with family and peers, and the social and educational changes related to transition from elementary to middle school (Wigfield, Byrnes, & Eccles, 2002). The biological changes that occur at early adolescence are dramatic, as anyone working with this age group knows (Susman & Rogel, 2004). Pubertal developments, the timings of puberty is quite different for girls and boys; girls enter puberty approximately 18 months before boys do, which means that during early adolescence, girls mature faster. Adolescence can be prolonged, brief, or practically nonexistent, depending on the culture of their society. Adolescence is somewhere between childhood and adulthood. It is also the period of life between the beginning of puberty and the full commitment to an adult social role, such as worker or parent. It is filled with constant change, uncertainty, but it can be wonderful and full of expectation. Everything a child learned to believe is suddenly challenged. One day you are a cute child that everybody seemed to adore, and the next day your skin and body are changing. Adolescence is a challenging period for both children and their parents. Three stages of adolescence early, middle, and late, are experienced by most teens, but the age at which each stage is reached varies greatly from child to child. These different rates of maturation are connected to physical development and hormone balance, neither of which the child can control. For this reason, adolescents should be treated as individuals and any guidelines should be modified to the particular child. It is very common to come across mood swings in this stage of development. Gene Roland Medinnus and Ronald C. Johnson state that during adolescence, children develop the ability to: †¢ Understand abstract ideas, such as higher math concepts, and develop moral philosophies, including rights and privileges †¢ Establish and maintain satisfying relationships by learning to share intimacy without feeling worried or inhibited. Move toward a more mature sense of themselves and their purpose †¢ Question old values without losing their identity Adolescence begins when signs of sexual maturity begin to occur in both physical and social development and ends when the individual assumes adult roles and is concerned in most ways as an adult by his reference group. Female friendships are one of the most important dimensions of an adolescent girl’s life. Peer relationships and friendships are critical in the developing adolescent’s identity, behaviors, and overall health. These peer connections influence all areas of development including emotional, physical, spiritual, social, and cognitive. The movie â€Å"Mean Girls† addresses social behaviors and experiences that are common in female peer relationships throughout the adolescent years. â€Å"Mean Girls† has brought attention to girls mean behaviors and portrays a dark side of female peer relationships, in which girls act as bullies and use relationships to express anger or power through rumors, exclusion, secrets, or gossip. This movie shows the significant role that female peer relationships play. The functions of peer relationships in adolescence are to help support adolescents at a time when they are challenged with many new experiences, to encourage the development of emotional autonomy, to enable teens to form deeper forms of intimacy that will be needed in adulthood, and to improve social skills. Positive peer relationships cause less anxiety and depression in adolescents where as negative peer relationships may place an individual at risk for maladjustment. Adolescents who are generally disliked, aggressive, disruptive and cannot establish themselves in the peer culture are developmentally at risk. Having friends and peer acceptance are generally related to school competence, higher self-esteem, and better adjustments. Adolescence is a transitional stage of human development that occurs between childhood and adulthood. Teenagers (ages 13-19 years) are usually adolescent, though in some individual, puberty may extent a few years beyond the teenage years, and in some individuals puberty begins in the pre-teen years. Because adolescents are experiencing various strong cognitive and physical changes, for the first time in their lives they may start to view their friends, their peer group, as more important and influential than their parents. The American Heritage Dictionary defines the word cognition as; the mental process of knowing, including aspects such as awareness, perception, reasoning and judgment (Cognition). Because of peer pressure, they may sometimes indulge in activities not deemed socially acceptable. What is Peer Pressure? Peer pressure is the social pressure from friends or other people to accept certain beliefs or act in certain ways in order to be accepted. How and why do we get peers pressure? Everyone gives into peer pressure at one time or another, but why do people sometimes do things they didn’t want to do? Here are a few reasons. They are afraid of being rejected by others, want to be like and don’t want to lose a friend, want to appear grown up, don’t want to be made fun of, friends have a big influence on our lives, but sometimes they push us to do things we may not want to do. The first step to standing up to peer pressure is to understand it. The four main types of peer pressure is: 1. Rejection – threatening to end a friendship or relationship. This pressure can be hard to resist as nobody wants to lose friends. 2. Reasoning – telling a person reasons why they should try something or why it would be okay if they did it i. e. â€Å"your parents would never find out. † Identity is made of what drives an individual, the abilities they have, what they believe, and their personal history (Marcia, 1980). Identity is one of the main struggles in an adolescent’s life. It is very important that children receive the proper guidance while entering their adolescence from their parents and peers. Although they like to believe that they are capable of developing on their own, adolescents need parental guidance to develop their path of identity development. The relationship between a child and a parent plays an important role with an adolescent and his or her decisions about sex. (Chapman, Werner-Wilson 2008). Morality can be defined as the distinction between what is right and wrong or what is good and bad. Although, moral reasoning depends on culture which akes it difficult to define; most people don’t look at where these principles are coming from or what guides one through moral development. As children grow and learn, usually from care takers and people who inspire their every need, their morality changes based on several levels. Although researching of moral development goes as far back as Socrates, there are two psychologists that studied morality in depth and they are Lawrence Kohlberg and Jean Piaget. Jean Piaget was a cognitive developmental psychologist spending most of his time working with children and adolescents, including his own. Although, Piaget’s observation of moral development wasn’t in depth like Kohlberg, he allowed for a basic understanding. He believed that moral development occurred in stages. Piaget strongly believed in education and thought interaction in an education setting allowed children maximum potential in cognitive development. Piaget believed in many things, but when it came to moral development there were only two basic principles. The first principle was that children develop moral ideas in stages and could not skip stages, although movement from one stage to the other could vary in length. Lastly he believed that children create their own perception of their world, including whether their actions enforce what is morally right or wrong. â€Å"Piaget’s ideas of moral realism and morality of cooperation play a role in Kohlberg’s theory. Children in Piaget’s stage of moral realism believe that rules are absolute and can’t be changed. Punishment should be determined by how much damage is done, and the intention of the child is not taken into account. A child has many milestones to reach through adolescence. The success of these milestones depends on normal development. Milestones can be challenging regardless of age and size. However, some children experience abnormal development and also delays. Detecting signs of abnormal development in certain age groups requires an understanding of development milestones. There for this leads us to the major physical, cognitive, self made motivational experience of adolescents that are a variety of developmental outcomes of identity, morality, transitional stages, beginnings of puberty and the full commitment to an adult social role, and sexual maturity.

Generally Accepted Accounting Principles and Owners Equity

Fundamental Concepts Professor Deanna McKenzie Accounting Module – Practice Questions Name: Date: 1 . Identify the Assets, Liabilities and Owners' Equity below: Assets Liabilities Owners' equity Truck Accounts Payable Retained Earnings Wages Payable Cash Salaries Payable Equipment Pre paid Rent Land Note Payable Office Supplies Building Furniture Prepaid Insurance Accounts receivable Common Stock 2. ABC Company issued common stock and received $4000. Please complete the accounting equation below: Assets 4,000 = Liabilities + Owners' Equity + 4,000 3.ABC Company then purchased Office supplies on Account for $200. Please complete the accounting equation below (after the purchase): cash 4,000 = Liabilities + Owners' Equity Office Supplies 200 †Accounts Payable 200 + 4,000 4. a) The owners of XYZ Corporation received $5000 from Mr. Brown and issued him common stock. The company then borrowed $20,000 from the bank and purchased a delivery truck (cash) for $7000. What type of accounts on the balance sheet (Categories) are affected? Owners' Equity Liabilty b) List the specific accounts affected and the amounts.Common Stock 5,000 Cash 18,000†¦20-7+3) Notes Delivery Truck 7,000 c) Write the Accounting Equation below: 5. A company generates $200,000 in revenue in 2011, the gross profit was recorded as $175,000. What their cost of Goods sold? ANSWER: 25,000 200,000 -COGS 175,000 6. XYZ Company's total expenses for 2001 was $450,000. The net Income recorded was $100,000. How much did they generate in revenues? ANSWER: 550,000 Revenue -450,000 1 oo,ooo 7. Stewart's Company purchased an asset with useful life of 5 years for $40000. The salvage value of the asset is $5000.Using the straight line depreciation method: a) How much is the asset depreciated by each year? ANSWER:7K 40,000-5,000 35,000 b) What is the depreciation expense at year 4? 7K c) What is the accumulated depreciation at the end of year 3? 21 K d) What is the value of the asset at the end of year 4? 12K 8. Company A purchased an equipment to print T-shirts. This equipment cost $30,000 and is expected to remain useful for 7 years. The residual value of the equipment is $2000. Find the depreciation expense and the accumulated depreciation after 5 years.

General Information on the Writing Process

General Information on the Writing Process What Is the Writing Process Writing is a complex combination of skills which is best taught by breaking down the process. The writing process involves a series of steps to follow in producing a finished piece of writing. 5 Easy Writing Process Steps STEP 1. The writing process usually begins with the writer wanting or having to convey something. They must have a desire or obligation to share something important with their reader. A student writing an essay or paper must not only complete the assignment, they must seek to make sure their professor, or reader, understands the idea, impression or feeling they are attempting to communicate. A journalist responsible for writing an article or column must write in a way so that most every reader understands the point of telling the story in the first place. A person writing copy for an advertisement, or writing a script for a commercial, is ultimately writing to communicate a message – that the product being featured should be purchased. ESSAY FORMAT In higher education, the same goes for the student writing to complete an assignment. They are either a given a particular topic to write about, or students are provided a basic assignment where they have to create an argument about a topic of their choice as long as it pertains to the course. Free writing and research are ideal ways to begin the writing process. It always benefits the student to research a topic they are writing about. This informs them, educates them and helps them begin to mentally frame their essay. A quick online search is a good place to begin collecting information to make one’s argument or point. The student conducting the research should also write down important information and thoughts that come to their mind as they read. STEP 2. Most academic essays and papers call for some argument to be made, a point that the student will defend in their essay with credible evidence. In this step, the student chooses the direction of their essay, what it will argue for or against. But as they do so, they should keep in mind that their mission is to convince the reader that their argument has credibility, that it’s believable and true. So the student must use the body paragraphs of their essay to provide evidence that validates what they are arguing. STEP 3. Next in the writing process: planning and outlining the first draft of the essay. This requires accomplishing the previous steps and building on them. The student will center the entire essay on the thesis statement, incorporating it into each and every paragraph for emphasis. In the outline, they are to literally plan out the content and placement of each paragraph; they are to strategically place certain information into each essay to further solidify the point they are going to make when the write the first draft of their essay. STEP 4. Next in the writing process is the actual plugging away at the keyboard – the writing of the first draft. It requires a professional and conversational tone, one that speaks with confidence and conviction. Writing is not everyone’s forte. That’s a given. But writing these kinds of essays trains a student to make a case for something – which is often required verbally in the workforce, whether it’s why someone deserves a raise, a newer office, a different route, a longer lunch, a better assistant. People, in all aspects of life, to be successful or to get what they want in life, must have the ability to convince another person that what they are arguing is true. STEP 5. Once the first draft is written, it’s time to reread the essay for many reasons. One, in particular, is making sure the argument the essay is attempting to make is done successfully, that it ultimately convinces the reader to believe the argument the essay is making. Also, an essay should be reread several times in search of misspelled words, punctuation errors and incomplete sentences. Once errors are found, they should be corrected promptly. Finally, once this is done and the student is confident in their essay, they should read it once more before turning it into their professor for a graded evaluation. If you need help with essay writing, is your best bet. Our professional writers can provide professional assistance writing on virtually any topic. In order to request assistance, visit our order page and place an order!

The New SAT Math What’s Changing

The New SAT Math What’s Changing SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Starting in March 2016, there will be a newly redesigned SAT. The new SAT only has two sections: Evidence-Based Reading and Writing and Math. While most people are focused on the changes to the Reading and Writing section, there have been a few changes to the SAT Math section that are important to know. What are these changes? How will your SAT study strategy need to change? I’ll delve into that and more in this guide. Math: The Major Changes in the 2016 New SAT Let's go through each of the important alterations to the math section of the test. Two Sections: One With Calculator, One With No Calculator On the old SAT, the whole math section allowed you to use a calculator. On the new SAT, the math section is divided into two portions: one which allows calculator and one which does not. The non-calculator portion will always be the third section of the test. The calculator portion will always be the fourth section of the test. Don't be afraid of the no-calculator section. The reason you’re not allowed a calculator is you should be able to solve these questions without one. Some of the skills required to answer these no calculator questions include: Simple math (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division) Simplifying single equations or phrases (using the FOIL method) Solving a system of two equations Knowing square roots (or being able to find a square root by multiplying) Being familiar with powers (and how to reconfigure powers). These questions can get somewhat challenging. Here is a sample no calculator question (from an official practice SAT) that requires you to use your knowledge of powers: If $3x-y=12$, what is the value of ${8^x}/{2^y}$? A) $2^12$B) $4^4$C) $8^2$D) The value cannot be determined from the information given. Answer Explanation: One approach is to express $${8^x}/{2^y}$$ so that the numerator and denominator are expressed with the same base. Since 2 and 8 are both powers of 2, substituting $2^3$ for 8 in the numerator of ${8^x}/{2^y}$ gives $${(2^3)^x}/{2^y}$$ which can be rewritten $${2^(3x)}/{2^y}$$ Since the numerator and denominator of have a common base, this expression can be rewritten as $2^(3x−y)$. In the question, it states that $3x − y = 12$, so one can substitute 12 for the exponent, $3x − y$, giving that the $${8^x}/{2^y}= 2^12$$ The final answer is A. Here is a sample no calculator question that requires you to simplify: If $x3$, which of the following is equivalent to $1/{1/{x+2}+1/{x+3}}$? A) ${2x+5}/{x^2+5x+6}$ B) ${x^2+5x+6}/{2x+5}$ C) $2x+5$ D) $x^2+5x+6$ Answer Explanation: In order to find the answer, you need to rewrite the original phrase and to do that you need to multiply it by ${(x+2)(x+3)}/{(x+2)(x+3)}$. When you multiply through, you should get ${(x+2)(x+3)}/{(x+2)+(x+3)}$. Continue simplifying by multiplying $(x+2)(x+3)$ in the numerator and simplifying the denominator by completing the addition of $(x+2)+(x+3)$. You should then get: $${x^2+5x+6}/{2x+5}$$ That matches answer choice B, so that is the final answer! Less Emphasis on Geometry Geometry took up about 25-35% of questions on the old SAT, but it will now account for less than 10% of questions on the new SAT. The questions will remain relatively the same, but there will simply be less of them. Here is a sample Geometry question from a new SAT practice test: Answer Explanation: The volume of the grain silo can be found by adding the volumes of all the solids of which it is composed (a cylinder and two cones). The silo is made up of a cylinder (with height 10 feet and base radius 5 feet) and two cones (each with height 5 ft and base radius 5 ft). The formulas given at the beginning of the SAT Math section (Volume of a Cone $V={1}/{3}Ï€r^2h$ and Volume of a Cylinder $V=Ï€r^2h$) can be used to determine the total volume of the silo. Since the two cones have identical dimensions, the total volume, in cubic feet, of the silo is given by $$V_(silo)=Ï€(5)^2(10)+(2)({1}/{3})Ï€(5)^2(5)=({4}/{3})(250)Ï€$$ which is approximately equal to 1,047.2 cubic feet. The final answer is D. Also, somewhat ironically, although the number of Geometry questions is decreasing, the College Board decided to give you more Geometry formulas in the reference section, which is at the beginning of the SAT Math sections. The reference section lists some formulas and laws for you to use when answering questions. Here is the old reference section: Here is the new reference section: In addition to the formulas included in the old reference section, the College Board has included the volume formulas for a sphere, cone, and pyramid. Also, the College Board gives you an additional law of Geometry: "the number of radians of arc in a circle is 2Ï€." For a full list of provided formulas and formulas you should memorize, read our guide to formulas you must know. Want to learn more about the SAT but tired of reading blog articles? Then you'll love our free, SAT prep livestreams. Designed and led by PrepScholar SAT experts, these live video events are a great resource for students and parents looking to learn more about the SAT and SAT prep. Click on the button below to register for one of our livestreams today! Increased Focus on Algebra Algebra will now account for more than half of the questions in the SAT math section. While algebra was always a part of the math section, it’s now being emphasized even more. These questions can be very tricky because they ask you to apply algebra in unique ways. Some of the algebra skills required to succeed on the SAT math section include: Solving linear equations Solving a system of equations Creating linear equations or system of equations to solve problems (used in the example below). Creating, analyzing, solving and graphing exponential, quadratic, and other non-linear equations. The following example algebra question is from a real new SAT practice question: Answer Explanation: To solve this problem, you should create two equations using two variables ($x$ and $y$) and the information you’re given. Let $x$ be the number of left-handed female students and let $y$ be the number of left-handed male students. Using the information given in the problem, the number of right-handed female students will be $5x$, and the number of right-handed male students will be $9y$. Since the total number of left-handed students is 18 and the total number of right-handed students is 122, the system of equations below must be true: $$x + y = 18$$ $$5x + 9y = 122$$ When you solve this system of equations, you get $x = 10$ and $y = 8$. Thus, 50 of the 122 right-handed students are female. Therefore, the probability that a right-handed student selected at random is female is ${50}/{122}$, which to the nearest thousandth is 0.410. The final answer is A. Increased Focus on Modeling The new SAT math section has a new type of question which asks you to think about what equations or models mean. You will be given a model or equation and be asked to explain what certain parts mean or represent. These questions are weird because they're asking you to do something you rarely do: they ask you to analyze the significance of the number or variable in context rather than solve the equation. Here is a sample modeling question from a new SAT practice test: Kathy is a repair technician for a phone company. Each week, she receives a batch of phones that need repairs. The number of phones that she has left to fix at the end of each day can be estimated with the equation $P=108-23d$, where $P$ is the number of phones left and $d$ is the number of days she has worked that week. What is the meaning of the value 108 in this equation? A) Kathy will complete the repairs within 108 days.B) Kathy starts each week with 108 phones to fix.C) Kathy repairs phones at a rate of 108 per hour.D) Kathy repairs phones at a rate of 108 per day. Answer Explanation: In the given equation, $108$ is the value of $P$ in $P = 108 − 23d$ when $d = 0$. When $d = 0$, Kathy has worked $0$ days that week. In other words, $108$ is the number of phones left before Kathy has started work for the week. Therefore, the meaning of $108$ in the given equation is that Kathy starts each week with $108$ phones to fix because she has worked $0$ days and has $108$ phones left to fix. The final answer is B. More Advanced Topics Addition of Trigonometry Trigonometry had never been asked on the SAT Math section†¦ until now! Trigonometry will now account for as many as 5% of math questions. You'll be tested on your knowledge of sine and cosine. Here is a sample trigonometry question from a real new SAT practice test: In triangle $ABC$, the measure of angle $∠  B$ is 90 °, $BC=16$, and $AC=20$. Triangle $DEF$ is similar to triangle $ABC$, where vertices $D$, $E$, and $F$ correspond to vertices $A$, $B$, and $C$, respectively, and each side of triangle $DEF$ is $1/3$ the length of the corresponding side of triangle $ABC$. What is the value of sin$F$? (This is a grid-in question, not multiple choice, so there are no answer choices listed with the question.) Answer Explanation: Triangle ABC is a right triangle with its right angle at B. Therefore, $\ov {AC}$ is the hypotenuse of right triangle ABC, and $\ov {AB}$ and $\ov {BC}$ are the legs of right triangle ABC. According to the Pythagorean theorem, $$AB =√{20^2-16^2}=√{400-256}=√{144}=12$$ Since triangle DEF is similar to triangle ABC, with vertex F corresponding to vertex C, the measure of $\angle ∠  {F}$ equals the measure of $\angle ∠  {C}$. Therefore, $sin F = sin C$. From the side lengths of triangle ABC, $$sinF ={\opposite \side}/{\hypotenuse}={AB}/{AC}={12}/{20}={3}/{5}$$ Therefore, $sinF ={3}/{5}$. The final answer is ${3}/{5}$ or 0.6. Addition of i Questions asking you to use $i$ have been added to the new SAT math section. On the exam, problems that use $i$ will always remind you that $i=√(-1)$. However, you should know that this also means $i^2=-1$. You should otherwise approach problems that use $i$ in the same way you'd approach any other math problem. Let's attempt this $i$ example problem below: $${8-i}/{3-2i}$$ If the expression above is written in the form $a+bi$, where $a$ and $b$ are real numbers, what is the value of $a$? (Note: $i=√{-1}$) A) $2$ B) $8/3$ C) $3$ D) $11/3$ Answer Explanation: To rewrite ${8-i}/{3-2i}$ in the standard form $a + bi$, you need to multiply the numerator and denominator of ${8-i}/{3-2i}$ by the conjugate, $3 + 2i$. This equals $$({8-i}/{3-2i})({3+2i}/{3+2i})={24+16i-3i+(-i)(2i)}/{(3^2)+(2i)^2}$$ Since $i^2=-1$, this last fraction can be reduced simplified to $$ {24+16i-3i+2}/{9-(-4)}={26+13i}/{13}$$ which simplifies further to $2 + i$. Therefore, when${8-i}/{3-2i}$ is rewritten in the standard form $a + bi$, the value of a is 2. The final answer is A. How Does Your Study Strategy for SAT Math Need to Change? Let's go through the key steps you need to take to prepare for this new version of the test. Practice Mental Math Since there is a non-calculator portion of the new SAT math section, you need to be prepared to do math without a calculator! Make sure you’re sharp on your basic math skills (adding (including adding fractions), subtracting, multiplying, dividing). Also, make sure you know some common square roots (and squared numbers). My advice for making sure you're ready for the non-calculator portion of the new SAT math section is to practice a lot. Make sure you take every free new SAT practice test available. Don’t use your calculator on the non-calculator section and see how you do! Practice makes perfect! However, to get really good at your mental math, you need to stick to the real testing conditions. Realistic practice makes perfect! Spend Most of Your Study Time on Algebra Since algebra counts for 50% or more of the new SAT math section, you need to make sure your algebra skills are at maximum strength! Check out our two fantastic algebra guides for help with systems of equations and linear, quadratic, and algebraic functions. Make sure you get realistic practice. Take every free new SAT practice test available, and make sure to do a thorough review of your test. Get Familiar With Advanced Topics For trigonometry, don’t worry about spending too much time on it since it accounts for less than 5% of questions, but you should make sure you know the basic trigonometry formulas you’ll need to use and how to apply them. If you have the basic trigonometry formulas (sine and cosine) memorized and know how to apply them, then you should be able to answer most SAT math trigonometry questions. Since trigonometry only accounts for about 5% of the math section, only spend about 5% of your SAT math study time on it. For $\bi i$, also don't worry too much. There are usually only 1-3 $i$ questions per test. As I said before, the problems that use $i$ will always remind you that $i=√(-1)$. Just make sure you remember that if $i=√(-1)$ then $i^2=-1$. If you keep this in mind, you should be able to solve the $i$ questions on the SAT. The Bottom Line Though the changes to the new SAT math section might feel major, they're actually relatively subtle. There has been a slight shift in the material covered, which means there needs to be a shift in how much time you spend studying certain math topics. The questions asked are generally more straightforward than those on the previous SAT math. The Major Changes to Math Are: #1: Less geometry (down to less than 10%)#2: More algebra and modeling (50% or more of the test)#3: Trigonometry and $i$ have been added#4: You’re not allowed to use your calculator on one portion of the math test You Should Change Your Study Strategy By: #1: Knowing your mental math#2: Focusing your time on algebra#3: Learning trigonometry and $i$ (but not spending too much time on them) What’s Next? Need to brush up on some basic math in preparation for the no-calculator section? Our articles on the distributive property, perfect squares, inequalities, adding and subtracting fractions, and tips for easy multiplication can help. Want a ratio and proportions challenge? Try calculating how many seconds there are in a day, week, and year, then check your process and answers here! Interested in testing yourself with the hardest SAT math questions out there? Check out our 13 toughest SAT math question guide. Running out of time on the SAT math section? Our guide will help you beat the clock and maximize your score. Aiming for a perfect score? Check out our guide on how to get a perfect 800 on the SAT math section, written by a perfect scorer. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points? Check out our best-in-class online SAT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your SAT score by 160 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this Math strategy guide, you'll love our program. Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get thousands of practice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial:

Knowledge Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Knowledge Management - Essay Example Furthermore, forces inside the industry, which include buyers, suppliers, new entrants, substitutes, and most importantly, rivalry in the industry. Therefore, the report presents knowledge management as solution to most of these problems and a tool to strengthen company’s situation. Discussion Definitions of Knowledge Management Without any doubts, for the past few decades the world has been changing at exponential rates. The ability of human mind of discover the secrets of nature, explore the seas, capture the air, fly into the sky and others have allowed us to live in a world which is a better and comfortable place. However, on the other hand, these technological advancements have really increased the amount of information and knowledge that was available before. In fact, never in the history before, we felt the need to manage the knowledge that we possess. Furthermore, the future that awaits for us where our success would be a direct result of our ability to effectively use , manage, and develop our knowledge. Technological capital and human intellectual capital may not get a place on the balance sheets of the organization but they will be getting much attention in the corporate goals, mission statements, and organizational cultures of the many companies. People understand that the only thing, which has the ability to limit them, is their ability to leverage and use the human mind (Stankosky, pp. 234-235). Despite the fact that there has a lot of research in this field and lots of ink is being devoted to the subject, yet authors and experts have not been able to reach a consensus or one unified definition for this topic. According to Robert S. Seiner, Knowledge Management can be defined as a concept in which an enterprise gathers organizes, shares, and analyzes the knowledge of individuals and groups across the organization in ways that directly affect performance (Frappaolo, pp. 26-28). According to Meredith Levinson, ‘Knowledge Management is th e process through which organizations generate value from their intellectual and knowledge based assets. According to Robert Villegas, Knowledge Management is simply the transfer of knowledge from one person to another, the result of which enables the recipient to benefit from the collected wisdom of the more experienced members of an organization or group’ (Becerra-Fernandez & Sabherwal, pp. 341-348). In other words, Knowledge Management is actually a cyclical system or a multiplier effect, which helps an organization in efficient achievement of its objectives and the same happens because the organization’s habits, planning and its execution is deeply rooted in the tacit and explicit learning of the organization (Stankosky, pp. 234-235). Why implement Knowledge Management? Following are some of the direct and clear benefits that Bobco will benefit from by the implementation of knowledge management in the organisation. First, the company would be in a great position to decrease the operational costs. Quite understandably, the market place of today has turned into a ruthless, aggressive, bloody, and destructive place where survival of the fittest is the order of the day. Even Bobco is operating in a market where the pressures for decreasing costs are increasing everyday. Despite the fact that sales have increased yet the profit margins have been shrinking due to increased pressures to outclass competitors. Attaining

Attitude Theories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Attitude Theories - Essay Example An example of the identification theory would be someone simply liking or disliking something because someone that they wish to establish a close relationship with feels like same way. The positive aspect of identification is that it can bring people together when they find they they have the same attitudes in regard to something specific. Many people may like the individuality of having their own behaviors and attitudes, while others may appreciate having someone to share it with. The negative aspect about this theory is that it disables some people from being able to make their own decisions and draw their own conclusions in concern of a specific topic. Even if they previously did not like something, they may change their attitude because the person they want to be close with feels differently. Another negative aspect to this theory is that if the person they are trying to get close to is no longer around, then there is no reason for that person to hold onto the attitude of someone else and they need to reform their own attitude. Unlike identification, cognitive dissonance is when a person is at odds with how they feel about something; there is an inconsistency in their beliefs, causing one idea to become the opposite of another idea (Festinger, 1957). The person becomes uncomfortable by holding two contradictory ideas simultaneously and attempt to change their attitudes to balance their ideas out. For example, if a person really wants something but is unable to obtain it, they criticize it, often with a lie or an assumption, because they are unable to get it. The components of cognitive dissonance include the person realizing that they have two contradicting beliefs; understanding and thus feeling uncomfortable that these two beliefs exist simultaneously; the person finds a means to rid themselves of one of the offending beliefs, so that they are left with only one. The positive aspect of cognitive dissonance is that the person understands that they

Describe Fingerprint photographic technique you would use to recover Assignment

Describe Fingerprint photographic technique you would use to recover such marks following U.K. guidance - Assignment Example In general we have three types of fingerprints mainly latent, plastic and patent prints. Latent prints are formed from oils and sweat from the skin surface. They are invisible to un-aided eye, therefore; they require additional treatments. Patent fingerprints are made from ink, grease, dirt and blood. They are visible to the naked eye. Finally, the plastic fingerprints are in three-dimension, and they are made after pressing the hands on fresh soap, wax or paints. The prints are visible to the naked eye (Houck and Siegel, 2010, p. 29). To improve the visibility of latent fingerprints various lighting techniques can be used to obtain the invisible surfaces. According to Chaikovsky, Argaman, Batman, Sin-David, Barzovski and Yaalon (2005, p. 574), digital multiple exposure technique is applied. The process is simple and productive. Digital photography and computerized image processing with application of layers methodology produce many images that are easily controlled by computer programmes. Production of many images that are combined into a single image enables improved visualization of the selected portions of the latent print without affecting the rest part of the image. According to SIRCHIE (2013, p. 1), Crime scene photos are important in the crime scene inquiry. The photographs complement the investigator data in the form of data. A camera can be used to capture every object of importance within the crime scene. Warren (2014, p. 1), conducted a research to determine usage digital photography for forensic purposes. It was found out that digital imaging devices with spectral filters are very effective in the identification of untreated latent fingerprints in that it is viable and non destructive. According to the National Law Enforcement (2011, p. 6), it is believed that every individual has different body parts hence comparison of the measurements can be used to distinguish between two individuals. The method was developed by

Critical Reflection on current clinical knowledge and development

Critical Reflection on current clinical knowledge and development Within this assignment I will critically reflect on my clinical knowledge to date and consider my future development needs with a focus on my final management placement and future career as a registered nurse. I have chosen two areas which I feel are relevant to my future development needs namely Quality Assurance and Multidisciplinary/Agency team working and using the Gibbs model (fig. 1)as a framework will reflect upon my own learning experiences and achievements to date and write an annotated reflection highlighting my development needs from which I will formulate a Personal Development Plan. This undertaking demonstrates my commitment to the need for continuing professional development in order to enhance my knowledge, skills values and attitude needed for effective nursing practice (proficiency 4.1) and will address deficits in my knowledge and skills and identify any shortcomings within my own or others practice and help me cope with practice related issues experienced within m y previous placements. I have chosen Gibbs reflective model as a basis for reflection as I feel it is easily understood and encourages a clear description of the situation, analysis of feelings, evaluation of the experience, conclusion and reflection upon the experience to consider a solution if the situation arose again (Brooker Nicol 2003). It has been advocated that reflective practices are a method of bridging the gap between nursing theory and practice, and as a tool to develop knowledge embedded in practice (Chong 2009). Furthermore in reflecting on the way we deliver care we can identify weaknesses, build on strengths and develop best practice (Myser et al 1995, Johns 1996). However, there are those who are sceptical of the practice and the idea of reflection in nursing is ambiguous and confused and not based on discipline related evidence based research (Gustafsson et al (2007). Some studies however, have shown a positive response from practitioners who have attributed refl ective practice to changes in their practice (Paget 2000, Cooke Matarasso (2005). In consideration of these views my approach to reflection as a means of recognizing strengths and weaknesses in my learning and practice to enable me to make positive changes to my future practice will be unbiased. Therefore my reflective account will include an open and honest description of what I have gained from the experience In conclusion, my main aim is to enhance my professional development by reflecting upon past education and clinical experience using the Nursing and Midwifery proficiencies as a benchmark. Furthermore by utilizing the reflective model I will not only identify my strengths and weaknesses but also recognize potential opportunities or threats which will enable me to prepare for my future development and alert me to any threats allowing me to overcome any difficulties I may encounter. Teekman (2000), states that throughout the literature it is well emphasized that reflective practice is an effective tool to reduce or eliminate the perceived theory-practice gap. I will therefore endeavour to utilize this exercise to transform my theoretical learning into evidence based practice. By doing this I can substantiate my claim to having knowledge of evidence based care to ensure safe practice (Proficiency 2.5) Gibbs Reflective Cycle Description What happened? Action plan If it arose again what would you do? Feelings What were you thinking and feeling? Conclusion What else could you have done? Evaluation What was good and bad about the experience? Analysis What sense ca n you make of the situation? Fig. 1 REFLECTIVE SELF-ASSESSMENT 1ST DRAFT Gibbs (1988) model begins with asking the question What happened? and asks What were you feeling. This allows me to give an account of the events that occurred, and in order to add significance to the narrative I will relay my feelings about the event directly after explanation about the incident. During the course of my placement whilst working in an acute psychiatric in-patient I was delegated some responsibility for particular patients by senior members of staff. In addition I was often allowed to facilitate both group and one-to-one sessions supervised by a trained member of staff. However, due to other demands within the ward environment staff were often unable to run the groups and one-to-one sessions with the patients could often be time limited. However, on one particular day I was approached by a patient for whose care I was given responsibility He appeared very agitated and complained that over the previous few days he had become frustrated by the lack of attention he was been receiving from nursing care staff the lack of information he was being given in respect of his care. He also complained that he had been informed that he would have regular access to therapeutic groups and this was not happening. This patient had show a keenness to participate fully in his care to facilitate a quick recovery and discharge from the ward I was aware that staff had been busy but felt uneasy at his distress and afraid to tell him that staff had been too busy therefore unable to run the groups. In addition I did not feel confident enough to explain his treatment plan. I was quite annoyed though that he had not been consulted or involved in this previously, therefore I consulted with his named nurse voicing my concerns and asked if she could alleviate his concerns. (NMC Proficiency 2.6) was achieved by my articulating my own emotional and psychological responses to situations with colleagues in a professional manner. By also being aware of my own limitations at the time I achieved (NMC proficiency 1.1). The nurse took him into a quiet room and in my presence explained the situation to him apologising for the apparent lack of attention he had received. She assured him that the therapeutic group would be commencing later that day and allowed him to vent his feelings and concerns about his care and anxieties about his illne ss. She reviewed his plan of care with him taking account of his wishes and desired outcomes. On listening to how she handled the session, I felt quite inadequate afterwards thinking I should have been able to deal with the situation as I was competent at formulating care plans. Following the session I decided to approach my mentor to ask to discuss the situation and we agreed that I would take the time to read through the Integrated Care Pathway of each patient under my care and become familiar with their use by suggested I attend and participate in multi-disciplinary meetings. By recognising this I was adhering to the code of professional conduct (NMC) 2008, to consult with a colleague when appropriate and work within the limits of my competence. Moreover, I achieved (NMC Proficiency 4.1) by demonstrating a commitment to the need for continuing professional development and personal supervision activities. In addition a multi-disciplinary meeting was arranged for the patient and his father and my mentor allowed me to co-ordinate this and provide feedback on his progress in order that I gain experience in multidisciplinary working. Prior to the meeting I scrutinized his ICP to familiarise myself with his situation and plan of care to enable me to identify his needs and achieved (NMC Proficiency 2.2) by providing relevant and current health information to the patient during the meeting. Rees et al, (2004) informs us that ICPs are tools which map out the pathway of clinical events and activities for all professionals involved in a specific patient group. The ICP helped clarify my roles and responsibilities as well as improve team working and communication. This enabled me to become more informed and also provide the patient with information on his plan of care which would be carried out throughout his journey from admission to discharge In attendance at the meeting were the Consultant Psychiatrist, Named Nurse, Pharmacist, Community Psychiatric Nurse, Occupational Therapist and myself. I provided feedback on the patients progress to the Consultant Psychiatrist and other team members, and highlighted the patients concerns about his treatment demonstrating (NMC proficiency 3.2)by working collaboratively with multi-disciplinary team members to enable the delivery of effective patient care, prior to the patient and his father attending. This provided the Consultant Psychiatrist with an overview of the patients mental health and progress to date. The patient and his father were then invited to attend the meeting the patient was given the opportunity to tell the Consultant Psychiatrist how he was feeling and discuss any issues he may have. He was also given the opportunity to talk about his prescribed medication and ask questions which were answered both by the doctor and pharmacist. The pharmacist also gave some advice a bout his present dose of prescribed medication making suggestions to the doctor about possible changes due to a complaint by the patient that he was experiencing stiffness in his legs. The patient was allowed to discuss his involvement in therapeutic groups he had attended and their benefits. The patients father was also given the opportunity to ask any questions and voice any concerns he may have. Discussion between me, the consultant and patient provided clearer picture of the situation I and felt more at ease having further clarified the process of his care would be while on the ward. I felt more confident and satisfied that the patient was now more at ease and satisfied with his present care and was able to meet (NMC proficiency 2.4) by updating the patients plan of care following the meeting. The next stage Evaluation Gibbs model making sense of the situation and asks What was good or bad. I was pleased to see a positive outcome which was due to inclusion of the patient in his plan of care and collaboration within the multidisciplinary team meeting which alleviate the patients concerns. I was not happy at my own lack of confidence to initially deal with the clients concerns and the fact that the patient had to complain before being fully involved in his care. Having this awareness of my own emotions and of weaknesses in my practice and consulting with the patients named nurse assures me that I am managing myself, my practice and that recognizing my own abilities and limitations (NMC Proficiency 1.1) and resolving this by taking action to improve in this area of practice. In conclusion, stage five of the Gibbs (1988) model, I feel the more experience I gain in the ward environment and more I learn about ICPs I can improve patients quality of care and collaborating with other members of the multidisciplinary team I will gain knowledge and confidence to enable me to take that step from being a student to becoming a confident registered nurse and deal complex situations such as described above. In the final stage of Gibbs reflective model the question is asked If the situation arose what would I do? I will continue to utilize reflective practice to improve on my knowledge and skills and develop my Personal Development Plan to highlight gaps in my knowledge. I will use my personal development plan within my final placement to address my weakness and build on my strengths whilst seeking opportunities for further development taking account of any threats. EVIDENCE BASED RATIONALE I have used the two main areas within my recent practice where I have identified both strengths and weaknesses. Although multidisciplinary working and the quality assurance tool Integrated Care Pathways are interlinked they will be discussed separately to maintain coherence and facilitate separate Personal Development Plans. I will therefore begin by discussing Integrated Care Pathways as a quality assurance measure, what I have learned to date, highlighting my development need, and why this is important to my practice. Integrated Care Pathways Evidence Based Rationale My experience of Integrated Care Pathways during my training has been limited, therefore I require to improve my knowledge and participation in undertaking and documenting a comprehensive, systematic and accurate nursing assessment of physical, psychological, social and spiritual needs of patients. It is necessary therefore require to further enhance my knowledge and the requirements of (NMC proficiency 2.3) as part of my development needs. ICPs have not been implemented within any of my placements in the community or long term ward settings. However, an Integrated Pathway for admission and discharge has been implemented within an acute ward setting where I was placed. This has been implemented to standardize practice across every psychiatric admission ward within Lanarkshire (Kent Chalmers 2006), and to facilitate better co-ordination of discharge planning and facilitate continuity of treatment in the community (NHS Lanarkshire 2007). The purpose of Integrated Care Pathways has bee n defined in different ways within the literature. Quality Standards Scotland (2007) highlights the quality assurance aspect indicating that ICP standards will support service improvements in relation to the process or care and outcomes for individuals. PLANNED ACTIVITY METHODS OF EVALUATION FOR PDP

Conduct Disorder Essay -- Psychology Children Psychological Essays

Conduct Disorder   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As immediately as infancy, children express individual characteristics that can be considered aggressive. The child can be aggressive in the way it cries, the way it plays and the way it attains attention. Parents of children that have a hard time sleeping through the night, trouble accepting affection and/or difficulties with hyperactivity are often so stressed and bothered by these behaviors that they resort to negative reinforcement techniques in their parenting. Examples of this can be seen in spanking, harsh reprimanding or even ignoring the child’s behaviors. By using negative reinforcement, the parents are unknowingly strengthening the prevalence of these behaviors, and therefore, the risk of these types of activities to continue through adolescence is also heightened (Patterson, 1982).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Children who tend to not comply with authority in infancy have a greater chance of having an aggressive temperament in adolescence (Kolvin, Nicol, Garside, Day & Tweedle, 1982; Olweus, 1980; Webster-Stratton & Eyberg, 1982). Therefore, as â€Å"difficult† children become adolescents, they present an even greater challenge for their parents, school officials, law enforcement and the community. Often ignored is the biggest challenge, which is the child dealing with this instability of his or her mental well-being. We will see in the research provided that conduct disorder is multifaceted, consisting of some components which are hard to conceptualize and of others that are common knowledge. However, each aspect is crucial in understanding the scope of this mental disorder, starting with its history of violence and ending with its lacking intervention.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Conduct Disorder is the most common psychiatric disorder in childhood, affecting approximately 7% of boys and 3 % of girls in the general population (Meltzer, Gatward, Goodman, Ford, 2000). Unlike most mental disorders, which afflict solely the diagnosed party, conduct disorder has serious implications for both the subject and the rest of society. Violence, over aggressiveness, and inappropriate behavior, such as stealing and drug and/or alcohol abuse, are all frequently expressed characteristics of the disorder, however, it is not, by far, limited to these three alone (Campbell, 1990). With an immense array of characteristics, from antisocial behaviors having to do with the viola... ... Epidemiological approaches to natural history research: Antisocial disorders in children. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 20, 566-680.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Rosenblatt, J. A., Rosenblatt, A., & Biggs, E. E. (2000). Criminal behavior and emotional disorder: Comparing youth served by the mental health and juvenile systems. The Journal of Behavioral Health Services and Research, 27, 227-237.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sampson, R. J., & Laub, J. H. (1997). A life-course theory of cumulative disadvantage and the stability of delinquency. In T. P. Thornberry (Ed.), Developmental theories of crime and delinquency. New Jersey: Transaction. (pp. 133-161).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Steiner, H., Garcia, I., & Matthews, Z. (1997). Posttraumatic stress disorder in incarcerated juvenile delinquents. Journal of American Academy for Child Adolescent Psychiatry, 36, 357-365.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tolan, P. H. (1987). Implications of age of onset delinquency risk. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 15, 47-65.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Webster-Stratton, C., & Eyeberg, S.M. (1982). Child temperament:Relationship with child behavior problems and parent-child interactions. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 11, 123-129.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚