Describe Fingerprint photographic technique you would use to recover Assignment

Describe Fingerprint photographic technique you would use to recover such marks following U.K. guidance - Assignment Example In general we have three types of fingerprints mainly latent, plastic and patent prints. Latent prints are formed from oils and sweat from the skin surface. They are invisible to un-aided eye, therefore; they require additional treatments. Patent fingerprints are made from ink, grease, dirt and blood. They are visible to the naked eye. Finally, the plastic fingerprints are in three-dimension, and they are made after pressing the hands on fresh soap, wax or paints. The prints are visible to the naked eye (Houck and Siegel, 2010, p. 29). To improve the visibility of latent fingerprints various lighting techniques can be used to obtain the invisible surfaces. According to Chaikovsky, Argaman, Batman, Sin-David, Barzovski and Yaalon (2005, p. 574), digital multiple exposure technique is applied. The process is simple and productive. Digital photography and computerized image processing with application of layers methodology produce many images that are easily controlled by computer programmes. Production of many images that are combined into a single image enables improved visualization of the selected portions of the latent print without affecting the rest part of the image. According to SIRCHIE (2013, p. 1), Crime scene photos are important in the crime scene inquiry. The photographs complement the investigator data in the form of data. A camera can be used to capture every object of importance within the crime scene. Warren (2014, p. 1), conducted a research to determine usage digital photography for forensic purposes. It was found out that digital imaging devices with spectral filters are very effective in the identification of untreated latent fingerprints in that it is viable and non destructive. According to the National Law Enforcement (2011, p. 6), it is believed that every individual has different body parts hence comparison of the measurements can be used to distinguish between two individuals. The method was developed by

Critical Reflection on current clinical knowledge and development

Critical Reflection on current clinical knowledge and development Within this assignment I will critically reflect on my clinical knowledge to date and consider my future development needs with a focus on my final management placement and future career as a registered nurse. I have chosen two areas which I feel are relevant to my future development needs namely Quality Assurance and Multidisciplinary/Agency team working and using the Gibbs model (fig. 1)as a framework will reflect upon my own learning experiences and achievements to date and write an annotated reflection highlighting my development needs from which I will formulate a Personal Development Plan. This undertaking demonstrates my commitment to the need for continuing professional development in order to enhance my knowledge, skills values and attitude needed for effective nursing practice (proficiency 4.1) and will address deficits in my knowledge and skills and identify any shortcomings within my own or others practice and help me cope with practice related issues experienced within m y previous placements. I have chosen Gibbs reflective model as a basis for reflection as I feel it is easily understood and encourages a clear description of the situation, analysis of feelings, evaluation of the experience, conclusion and reflection upon the experience to consider a solution if the situation arose again (Brooker Nicol 2003). It has been advocated that reflective practices are a method of bridging the gap between nursing theory and practice, and as a tool to develop knowledge embedded in practice (Chong 2009). Furthermore in reflecting on the way we deliver care we can identify weaknesses, build on strengths and develop best practice (Myser et al 1995, Johns 1996). However, there are those who are sceptical of the practice and the idea of reflection in nursing is ambiguous and confused and not based on discipline related evidence based research (Gustafsson et al (2007). Some studies however, have shown a positive response from practitioners who have attributed refl ective practice to changes in their practice (Paget 2000, Cooke Matarasso (2005). In consideration of these views my approach to reflection as a means of recognizing strengths and weaknesses in my learning and practice to enable me to make positive changes to my future practice will be unbiased. Therefore my reflective account will include an open and honest description of what I have gained from the experience In conclusion, my main aim is to enhance my professional development by reflecting upon past education and clinical experience using the Nursing and Midwifery proficiencies as a benchmark. Furthermore by utilizing the reflective model I will not only identify my strengths and weaknesses but also recognize potential opportunities or threats which will enable me to prepare for my future development and alert me to any threats allowing me to overcome any difficulties I may encounter. Teekman (2000), states that throughout the literature it is well emphasized that reflective practice is an effective tool to reduce or eliminate the perceived theory-practice gap. I will therefore endeavour to utilize this exercise to transform my theoretical learning into evidence based practice. By doing this I can substantiate my claim to having knowledge of evidence based care to ensure safe practice (Proficiency 2.5) Gibbs Reflective Cycle Description What happened? Action plan If it arose again what would you do? Feelings What were you thinking and feeling? Conclusion What else could you have done? Evaluation What was good and bad about the experience? Analysis What sense ca n you make of the situation? Fig. 1 REFLECTIVE SELF-ASSESSMENT 1ST DRAFT Gibbs (1988) model begins with asking the question What happened? and asks What were you feeling. This allows me to give an account of the events that occurred, and in order to add significance to the narrative I will relay my feelings about the event directly after explanation about the incident. During the course of my placement whilst working in an acute psychiatric in-patient I was delegated some responsibility for particular patients by senior members of staff. In addition I was often allowed to facilitate both group and one-to-one sessions supervised by a trained member of staff. However, due to other demands within the ward environment staff were often unable to run the groups and one-to-one sessions with the patients could often be time limited. However, on one particular day I was approached by a patient for whose care I was given responsibility He appeared very agitated and complained that over the previous few days he had become frustrated by the lack of attention he was been receiving from nursing care staff the lack of information he was being given in respect of his care. He also complained that he had been informed that he would have regular access to therapeutic groups and this was not happening. This patient had show a keenness to participate fully in his care to facilitate a quick recovery and discharge from the ward I was aware that staff had been busy but felt uneasy at his distress and afraid to tell him that staff had been too busy therefore unable to run the groups. In addition I did not feel confident enough to explain his treatment plan. I was quite annoyed though that he had not been consulted or involved in this previously, therefore I consulted with his named nurse voicing my concerns and asked if she could alleviate his concerns. (NMC Proficiency 2.6) was achieved by my articulating my own emotional and psychological responses to situations with colleagues in a professional manner. By also being aware of my own limitations at the time I achieved (NMC proficiency 1.1). The nurse took him into a quiet room and in my presence explained the situation to him apologising for the apparent lack of attention he had received. She assured him that the therapeutic group would be commencing later that day and allowed him to vent his feelings and concerns about his care and anxieties about his illne ss. She reviewed his plan of care with him taking account of his wishes and desired outcomes. On listening to how she handled the session, I felt quite inadequate afterwards thinking I should have been able to deal with the situation as I was competent at formulating care plans. Following the session I decided to approach my mentor to ask to discuss the situation and we agreed that I would take the time to read through the Integrated Care Pathway of each patient under my care and become familiar with their use by suggested I attend and participate in multi-disciplinary meetings. By recognising this I was adhering to the code of professional conduct (NMC) 2008, to consult with a colleague when appropriate and work within the limits of my competence. Moreover, I achieved (NMC Proficiency 4.1) by demonstrating a commitment to the need for continuing professional development and personal supervision activities. In addition a multi-disciplinary meeting was arranged for the patient and his father and my mentor allowed me to co-ordinate this and provide feedback on his progress in order that I gain experience in multidisciplinary working. Prior to the meeting I scrutinized his ICP to familiarise myself with his situation and plan of care to enable me to identify his needs and achieved (NMC Proficiency 2.2) by providing relevant and current health information to the patient during the meeting. Rees et al, (2004) informs us that ICPs are tools which map out the pathway of clinical events and activities for all professionals involved in a specific patient group. The ICP helped clarify my roles and responsibilities as well as improve team working and communication. This enabled me to become more informed and also provide the patient with information on his plan of care which would be carried out throughout his journey from admission to discharge In attendance at the meeting were the Consultant Psychiatrist, Named Nurse, Pharmacist, Community Psychiatric Nurse, Occupational Therapist and myself. I provided feedback on the patients progress to the Consultant Psychiatrist and other team members, and highlighted the patients concerns about his treatment demonstrating (NMC proficiency 3.2)by working collaboratively with multi-disciplinary team members to enable the delivery of effective patient care, prior to the patient and his father attending. This provided the Consultant Psychiatrist with an overview of the patients mental health and progress to date. The patient and his father were then invited to attend the meeting the patient was given the opportunity to tell the Consultant Psychiatrist how he was feeling and discuss any issues he may have. He was also given the opportunity to talk about his prescribed medication and ask questions which were answered both by the doctor and pharmacist. The pharmacist also gave some advice a bout his present dose of prescribed medication making suggestions to the doctor about possible changes due to a complaint by the patient that he was experiencing stiffness in his legs. The patient was allowed to discuss his involvement in therapeutic groups he had attended and their benefits. The patients father was also given the opportunity to ask any questions and voice any concerns he may have. Discussion between me, the consultant and patient provided clearer picture of the situation I and felt more at ease having further clarified the process of his care would be while on the ward. I felt more confident and satisfied that the patient was now more at ease and satisfied with his present care and was able to meet (NMC proficiency 2.4) by updating the patients plan of care following the meeting. The next stage Evaluation Gibbs model making sense of the situation and asks What was good or bad. I was pleased to see a positive outcome which was due to inclusion of the patient in his plan of care and collaboration within the multidisciplinary team meeting which alleviate the patients concerns. I was not happy at my own lack of confidence to initially deal with the clients concerns and the fact that the patient had to complain before being fully involved in his care. Having this awareness of my own emotions and of weaknesses in my practice and consulting with the patients named nurse assures me that I am managing myself, my practice and that recognizing my own abilities and limitations (NMC Proficiency 1.1) and resolving this by taking action to improve in this area of practice. In conclusion, stage five of the Gibbs (1988) model, I feel the more experience I gain in the ward environment and more I learn about ICPs I can improve patients quality of care and collaborating with other members of the multidisciplinary team I will gain knowledge and confidence to enable me to take that step from being a student to becoming a confident registered nurse and deal complex situations such as described above. In the final stage of Gibbs reflective model the question is asked If the situation arose what would I do? I will continue to utilize reflective practice to improve on my knowledge and skills and develop my Personal Development Plan to highlight gaps in my knowledge. I will use my personal development plan within my final placement to address my weakness and build on my strengths whilst seeking opportunities for further development taking account of any threats. EVIDENCE BASED RATIONALE I have used the two main areas within my recent practice where I have identified both strengths and weaknesses. Although multidisciplinary working and the quality assurance tool Integrated Care Pathways are interlinked they will be discussed separately to maintain coherence and facilitate separate Personal Development Plans. I will therefore begin by discussing Integrated Care Pathways as a quality assurance measure, what I have learned to date, highlighting my development need, and why this is important to my practice. Integrated Care Pathways Evidence Based Rationale My experience of Integrated Care Pathways during my training has been limited, therefore I require to improve my knowledge and participation in undertaking and documenting a comprehensive, systematic and accurate nursing assessment of physical, psychological, social and spiritual needs of patients. It is necessary therefore require to further enhance my knowledge and the requirements of (NMC proficiency 2.3) as part of my development needs. ICPs have not been implemented within any of my placements in the community or long term ward settings. However, an Integrated Pathway for admission and discharge has been implemented within an acute ward setting where I was placed. This has been implemented to standardize practice across every psychiatric admission ward within Lanarkshire (Kent Chalmers 2006), and to facilitate better co-ordination of discharge planning and facilitate continuity of treatment in the community (NHS Lanarkshire 2007). The purpose of Integrated Care Pathways has bee n defined in different ways within the literature. Quality Standards Scotland (2007) highlights the quality assurance aspect indicating that ICP standards will support service improvements in relation to the process or care and outcomes for individuals. PLANNED ACTIVITY METHODS OF EVALUATION FOR PDP

Conduct Disorder Essay -- Psychology Children Psychological Essays

Conduct Disorder   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As immediately as infancy, children express individual characteristics that can be considered aggressive. The child can be aggressive in the way it cries, the way it plays and the way it attains attention. Parents of children that have a hard time sleeping through the night, trouble accepting affection and/or difficulties with hyperactivity are often so stressed and bothered by these behaviors that they resort to negative reinforcement techniques in their parenting. Examples of this can be seen in spanking, harsh reprimanding or even ignoring the child’s behaviors. By using negative reinforcement, the parents are unknowingly strengthening the prevalence of these behaviors, and therefore, the risk of these types of activities to continue through adolescence is also heightened (Patterson, 1982).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Children who tend to not comply with authority in infancy have a greater chance of having an aggressive temperament in adolescence (Kolvin, Nicol, Garside, Day & Tweedle, 1982; Olweus, 1980; Webster-Stratton & Eyberg, 1982). Therefore, as â€Å"difficult† children become adolescents, they present an even greater challenge for their parents, school officials, law enforcement and the community. Often ignored is the biggest challenge, which is the child dealing with this instability of his or her mental well-being. We will see in the research provided that conduct disorder is multifaceted, consisting of some components which are hard to conceptualize and of others that are common knowledge. However, each aspect is crucial in understanding the scope of this mental disorder, starting with its history of violence and ending with its lacking intervention.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Conduct Disorder is the most common psychiatric disorder in childhood, affecting approximately 7% of boys and 3 % of girls in the general population (Meltzer, Gatward, Goodman, Ford, 2000). Unlike most mental disorders, which afflict solely the diagnosed party, conduct disorder has serious implications for both the subject and the rest of society. Violence, over aggressiveness, and inappropriate behavior, such as stealing and drug and/or alcohol abuse, are all frequently expressed characteristics of the disorder, however, it is not, by far, limited to these three alone (Campbell, 1990). With an immense array of characteristics, from antisocial behaviors having to do with the viola... ... Epidemiological approaches to natural history research: Antisocial disorders in children. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 20, 566-680.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Rosenblatt, J. A., Rosenblatt, A., & Biggs, E. E. (2000). Criminal behavior and emotional disorder: Comparing youth served by the mental health and juvenile systems. The Journal of Behavioral Health Services and Research, 27, 227-237.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sampson, R. J., & Laub, J. H. (1997). A life-course theory of cumulative disadvantage and the stability of delinquency. In T. P. Thornberry (Ed.), Developmental theories of crime and delinquency. New Jersey: Transaction. (pp. 133-161).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Steiner, H., Garcia, I., & Matthews, Z. (1997). Posttraumatic stress disorder in incarcerated juvenile delinquents. Journal of American Academy for Child Adolescent Psychiatry, 36, 357-365.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tolan, P. H. (1987). Implications of age of onset delinquency risk. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 15, 47-65.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Webster-Stratton, C., & Eyeberg, S.M. (1982). Child temperament:Relationship with child behavior problems and parent-child interactions. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 11, 123-129.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Internal Controls Relating to the Bjb Company

All publicly trader companies in the USA are required to maintain and have an up to date system of internal controls. Since the LJB Company is wishing to become a public entity, I am glad to be able to assist in this action. First, the rules and regulations must be reviewed and compared to the company and how it can become public. To make the company attractive to buyers, investors, and other capital sources, it is crucial that the corporate organization and governance are well manifested. Corporate executives and the board of directors within a corporation must ensure that these internal controls are effective.The reliability and efficiency of the internal controls must be directed and supervised by the board of directors and corporate executives (Kimmel 345). Because the LJB Company is a small sized company in regards to the employee number, there should be a re-evaluation of the costs versus the benefits of being a publicly traded company. It would be best to know how the company would deal with stock in this case. A stock report needs to be made and discussed further regarding the number of shares, issuing stock, and stock value for the LJB Company.To safeguard the assets, enhance the reliability of the accounting records, increase efficiency within the financial operations, safeguard the assets of the company, and ensure proper compliance with the laws and regulations, the Internal Control report is crucial to the company. A controlled environment, risk assessment, activity control, information and communication, and group monitoring should all be a part of the internal control report (Kimmel 349). From the given information, the internal control components of an effective internal control system are not as efficient as they can be.Because LBJ is trying to go public in the near future, there are some requirements that must be met in within the internal control system. It is the responsibility of the management on how important ethics are within the organiz ation. Secondly, the management should address the employees on what kind of risks are associated in regards to having unethical activity. One example is fraud. In order tor educe fraud, the management must implement policies and procedures regarding education in what the consequence of the employee and company will be if fraud is detected.Due to the small number of employees in the LJB Copmany, there is an advantage over competitors. Because employees show long term commitment, there is a loyalty and employee retention. It is also easier to manage the employees and implementing new rules and regulations will be handled in an easier manner. The decision to switch to pre-numbered invoices was a great idea by the accountants and the indelible ink machine purchase was a great investment. These pre-numbered invoices are going to be a great aid in preventing transactions more than once and will be helpful in keeping track of recorded transactions.It will also help the timeliness of the a ccounting entries from the employees’ transactions. This will restore the reliability of the accounting records and their accuracy. The use of physical controls like this is crucial in the internal control environment. In addition, the holding of checks in a safe place is in accordance with the principles of internal physical control as well and it reflects the safeguard of assets—which in turn, improves the reliability and accuracy of the accounting records.Because of the monthly bank reconciliation and sole purchasing of the supplies, the accountant is acting as a treasurer and controller at the same time it seems. This is a violation of the segregation of duties principle (Kimmel 355). Various frauds are possible when this dual role is employed. In order to deliver an effective and controlled system within the internal controls environment, the use of physical custody needs to be separated from record keeping duties. Fraudulent activity will be detected if documenta tion and independent verification is not employed.In regards to cash receipts, there should be a designated employee such as a cashier to handle the cash. Also, proper cash recording of receiving and having custody of cash, cash register and over the counter receipts, total deposits of receipts, register receipts, as well as bank deposit slips should be performed daily (as frequent as possible). Lastly, there should be a limited authorized employee number to handle the company cash safes and cash storage in the bank (Kimmel 352). The internal controls of the LJB Company would benefit from authorizing employees that are designated for treasury purposes only.These individuals would only deal with checks and approve payments while keeping account for the checks with an approved invoice, as well as stamping each approved invoice that has been paid. Secondly, there needs to be a safe or vault that stores the blank checks and it is restricted access to only certain authorized individuals. The machine needs to be printed with indelible ink for the correct amount. Lastly, there needs to be monthly reconciliations of bank and book balances; the company needs to have approved invoices of checks before issuing payment(s).The internal control principles are based on responsibility of different employees. In the case that all employees have access to the petty cash drawer, it will be impossible to determine who may be responsible for an error if it occurred. It would be recommended that only one person is responsible for this handling. This petty cash should be held in a safe or vault and the person designated for access should report to the supervisor on a weekly basis in regards to the withdrawals therein. Lastly for the LJB Company, to ensure proper employee conduct and ethical conduct, the hiring process is very important for the internal control issue.The human resources department should control and monitor background checks that are thorough and confidential. The co mpany’s information and security is at risk with the employees, so making sure that the employee value integrity will be crucial in the long-run success of the company. In order to have better physical internal control and human resource control, there needs to be restricted access to computers and information therein. First and foremost, there needs to be an installed software program that blocks certain websites.Upon hiring, the employee should attain his or her own password and login to have access to the computer. Software also exists that detects the websites accessed and a track record of login at particular times. Once an employee has their own login and password, they are solely responsible for the work they do on that computer. In summary, if all of the above listed suggested practices are taken into account and properly implemented, the LJB Company will thrive as a the publicly traded corporation. References Kimmel. Financial Accounting. 6. VitalSource Bookshelf. Jo hn Wiley & Sons.

The Relevance of Loyalty in “Julius Caesar”

The Relevance of Loyalty in Julius Caesar In the Shakespearean play Julius Caesar, loyalty is relevant to each person. In the eyes of Marc Antony, Marcus Brutus, and Cassius, the term â€Å"loyalty† means something entirely different to each man. In a sense, each of the three characters is only loyal to what he thinks is good and right but in some cases, his morals also fluctuate with his desires. Marc Antony plays the specific role of a son-like figure to Caesar.He takes no part in the conspiracy which eventually leads to the demise of Caesar although when Caesar does die, Antony baits Marcus Brutus with flattery to ensure his relative favor with Caesar’s murderers. Nonetheless, Marc Antony is loyal to Caesar as well as the memory of Caesar. He uses his â€Å"favor† with Brutus and the conspirators to gain permission to speak at Caesar’s burial ceremony, subtly inciting rebellion in the citizens of Rome. As previously stated, Antony is loyal to Caesar in life as well as in death.Marcus Brutus’ loyalties, on the other hand, lie with Rome. As one of Caesar’s most trusted friends, Brutus respects and admires Caesar but when decisions concern the entire Roman Empire, Brutus weighs Rome more important than his friend. Because of this loyalty to Rome, Brutus is swayed by one of the conspirators and becomes a conspirator himself. He doesn’t side with Caesar’s enemies because of envy or jealousy but because he believes it is the right thing to do in Rome’s best interest.During the play, Brutus is in constant war with himself, wondering if what he did was the right thing. His loyalty to Rome and his friendship with Caesar battle with each other throughout the piece. Cassius, however, is consumed with a lust for power and Caesar is obviously in his way. It seems he plots to kill Caesar for his own personal gain. Cassius uses Brutus as a â€Å"puppet†, thinking Brutus will do whatever he requests. He i s abruptly proven wrong when Brutus confronts Cassius of his crooked demands.Cassius is enraged but is placated soon after. He is loyal only to himself, using the excuse of preserving democracy to rationalize his actions. Marc Antony was loyal to Caesar, Marcus Brutus was loyal to Rome, and Cassius was loyal to himself. Three men fought for three different causes, two noble and one ignoble. Though Brutus and Cassius both wanted Caesar’s death, they wanted it for two very different reasons. In Julius Caesar, loyalty is consistent with men’s beliefs. Each man made his choices based on the foundation of his loyalties.