Pharmacology Food and Drug Administration and...

PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION MED 1150 CHAPTER 1- Questions: 1, 2,3,4,7,10,11,13,14,15,16,18 CHAPTER REVIEW PAGE 18-20 QUIZ YOUR SELF 1. Describe the linguistic origin/etiology of the following words * Pharmacology: The study of drugs and the interactions with living tissue. * Origin of Pharmacology: Greek word pharmakon meaning medicine or drug * Drug: Any nonfood chemical substance that affect the mind and body. * Origin of Drug: Dutch word droog meaning dry for dried herbs and plants that were the 1st medicine. * Medicine: A drug administered for preventative, diagnostic, or therapeutic agent. * Origin for Medicine: Latin word for drug is medicina meaning medicine or medication†¦show more content†¦Examples: * Antibiotic drugs to kill bacteria and cure an infection * Analgesic drugs to control the pain and inflammation of arthritis * Insulin to treat diabetes 4. Give the meaning of and describe the linguistic origin of RX. *The symbol RX comes from the Latin word recipe meaning take, which indicates a prescription, the combining of ingredients to form a drug. Some ingredients had the value but others were worthless or actually harmful. 7. Name three ancient â€Å"medicines† that seem silly or outrageous to us today. * Spider webs * Dirt, * Sour Milk 10. Describe the social and consumer safety circumstances that led to the passage of each a. The Food and Drugs Act of 1906: This worthless, mislabeled and dangerous drugs led to 1st drug laws with an accurate labeling law added in 1912 b. The Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938: Sulfonamide tested for flavor and fragrance but not safety, children died and 350 more were poisoned. This act made it so the sale of unsafe drugs could be stopped, that toxic drugs could be seized, and the burden of proof was given to the manufactures to show data of safety experiments. c. Kefauver-Harris Amendment of 1962: Thalidomide used for morning sickness in West Germany which led to 8000 deformed baby limbs. The USA refused to approve. The Act tighten control on new and prescription drugs, while drugs had to be shownShow MoreRelatedPropriety Research Paper810 Words   |  4 Pagesfor the food and drug administration to approve it. However, don’t be fooled not all drugs on the market are FDA approved rather they are prescription or over the counter. Through this paper I will be giving my opinions on this whole process and proven facts that go about with it. On the average, it took 34 months for the FDA to approve a new drug. Coming up with drug names and the process that goes with it. There are 3 names that are involved in the process when it comes to naming a drug. First youRead MorePharmacology Essay examples1617 Words   |  7 PagesCHAPTER 1: Pharmacology is defined as the STUDYING OF DRUGS, THEIR USES, AND THEIR INTERACTIONS IN LIVING TISSUE The physician must have permission from the FDA to dispose of any outdated medications. FALSE What government agency or agencies control prescription or legend medications? A AND C (DRUG ENFORCEMENT AGENCY AND FDA) Drug testing is done on which of the following before being named an Investigational New Drug? ANIMALS The physician must keep which of the following recordsRead MoreHow Is Prozac Getting Into Our Drinking Water?950 Words   |  4 Pagesconspiracy theories, it’s really no surprise how Prozac gets in our drinking water. Antidepressants such as Prozac are the most commonly prescribed medications in the United States. With approximately 250 million prescriptions filled annually, they also are the highest-documented drugs contaminating waterways. If you live in an urban area, there’s a good chance your tap water is laced with tiny amounts of antidepressants. Often old pills are flushed down the toilet, or medication is excreted duringRead MoreWhat Is The Food And Drug Administration Agency?991 Words   |  4 PagesThe Food and Drug Administration agency, or more commonly referred as the FDA, is a federal agency that takes charge in protecting the public’s health by certifying the safety, efficiency, and security of civilian and veterinary drugs, biological products, and medical technology; in addition to certifying the safety of our country’s food, supply, cosmetics, and productions that involve radiation. Not only does the FDA have that responsibility, but also the regulation of manufacturing, marketing,Read MoreThe Use Of Sound / Look Alike Drugs Essay956 Words   |  4 PagesWith this paper I am going to compose about the three of these arrangements of sound/look alike drugs. The three sets I am going to elaborate and expand on is Alprazolam and Lorazepam, Hydrocodone, and Oxycodone, and Pentobarbital and Phenobarbital . I will identify each of these medications, furthermore explaining on how the medication ought to be utilized, side effects of the medications, the differences between the set of medications, and what the consequences are if they become mixed up. It’sRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?1324 Words   |  6 Pagesefficacy concerns of the drugs after effects. Short-term effects are the primary causes studied and serve as the benchmark for many medical publications. The short-term use of marijuana appears to only slightly increase minor adverse effects in the body. It has been determined however that long-term effects of cannabis aren’t clear, and the prolonged usage of this plant seems to show no major adverse effects despite what some people think. Numerous routes of administration are available for medicalRead MoreThe Divergence Of Herbs And Pharmaceuticals1138 Words   |  5 Pagesbetween the two types of medicines must be studies and understood by the user. According to the U.S Food and Drug Administration, a drug is defined as, â€Å"A substance (other than food) intended to affect the structure or any function of the body† (Center†¦). With this in mind, both herbs and scientifically produced medications are to be considered ‘drugs’. It is a common misconception that herbs and drugs are different, and therefore are incomparable. But this is not the case, in fact Doctor of MedicineRead MoreMarijuanas Effectiveness in Pain Management Essay999 Words   |  4 Pagesclinical studies have confirmed the usefulness of THC, which at doses of 15 to 20mg was found to be comparable to 60 to 120mg pharmaceutical painkillers. But which form of pain management is safer? Marijuana is more effective than pharmaceutical drugs, and over the counter medications, specifically in pain management. Marijuana is well studied in the scientific and medical literature and clearly has effective pain relieving properties (Fishman, 2007). Research focused on marijuana has increasinglyRead MoreFda s Drug Approval Process : History, Pre Market, And Post Market1881 Words   |  8 PagesLarson Prof. Barbara Roark PLS 130 1 July 2015 The FDA’s Drug Approval Process: History, Pre-Market, and Post-Market I. Introduction The Food and Drug Administration is a regulation agency within the Department of Health and Human Services. It’s role in our nation is to be responsible for â€Å"protecting the public health by assuring the safety, efficacy and security of human and veterinary drugs, biological products, medical devices, our nation’s food supply, cosmetics, and products that emit radiation†Read MoreMXE, a New Designer Drug1523 Words   |  7 Pagesclass which† is now sold as the new designer drug called MXE, a deadly drug yet legal for people to purchase. One can only imagine what effect this drug has on humans. This MXE is a synthetic drug can be snorted or injected into the bloodstream. It has been reported that people who have tried this new drug have had out of body experiences. MXE is a legal drug with a high that can be deadly. There is not yet enough information on this new designer drug to give alarming statistics. Our society sees

Success By Malcolm Gladwell - 1598 Words

In society, there is a common misconception that success simply arises from a combination of an individual s innate talent and drive to acquire success. However, in the book Outliers-The Story of Success by Malcolm Gladwell, Gladwell introduces a new and different perspective of the foundation of success, and proposes that other factors contribute to and can even determine the likelihood of someone succeeding. Aspects such as hidden advantages, upbringing, timing, and cultural legacies play a significant role in how well one will do in this world. The outliers of society are the individuals who, because of their chance opportunities, have cultivated their inner talents and abilities to become successful. Hidden advantages play a†¦show more content†¦As Gladwell dives deeper into the success stories of notable figures, their stories all share a common theme that â€Å"their success was not just of their own making† (67) but was â€Å"a product of the world in which they grew up in.†(67) The special opportunities hidden in their lives allowed them to achieve the 10,000 hours needed to master their craft, one of Gladwell’s essential components for the recipe to success. Bill Gates, a distinguished figure in the software world serves as a prime example as a beneficiary of the hidden advantages received that launched him into a path to success. Bill Gates’ â€Å"sheer brilliance and ambition and guts† (50) were not the only reasons for his success. Gates’ success is owed to his opportunity to â€Å"do real-time programming as an eighth grader in 1968† (51), essentially setting him up to become successful, as others did not have the same opportunities as he did. If Bill Joy had not had â€Å"an extraordinary, early opportunity to learn programming†(51) and the Beatles had not had the opportunity to perform â€Å"for 270 nights on just over a year and a half† (50), would they have become just as successful? Through these cases, Gladwell makes it evident that the role of chance opportunities is significant and vital to the likelihood of one becoming successful. An individual’s chance of success is predetermined by their family background and upbringing. As Gladwell investigates those who were successful and thoseShow MoreRelatedHow Success Is Achieved By Malcolm Gladwell1199 Words   |  5 PagesPsychology How Success Is Really Achieved Outliers: The Story Of Success written by Malcolm Gladwell tells us the story and behind the scenes view of a few â€Å"outliers†- men and women that do things out of the ordinary. Malcolm Gladwell started off writing a range of non-fiction novels. His academic studies and materials have granted him to write about psychological experiments and sociological studies in the vernacular, therefore allowing broad audiences to understand his thesis. Gladwell was frequentlyRead MoreSuccess And Success : Malcolm Gladwell s Outliers : The Story Of Success1843 Words   |  8 PagesWendy Villalpando Professor Dobyns English 100- CRN#10915 01 December 2015 Luck VS. Success There may be no topic that more easily divides two set of people more than when they talk about success and luck. Some of them find it easy to associate success with luck rather than hard work and talent. Many conservatives would be the one to celebrate success as an almost imminent result of talent, effort, and hard work. Liberals, on the other hand, believe that even when people who work hard and areRead MoreAnalysis Of Malcolm Gladwell s The Story Of Success 1963 Words   |  8 PagesAbstract Malcolm Gladwell focuses on an individual’s ability to effect change within society. Outliers deal with the cultural and societal forces that give rise to opportunistic individuals. Most people when telling a story about a successful person usually only focusses on intelligence and ambition. In the book Outliers Malcolm Gladwell generally argues that the true story of success is ultimately very different, and that if we as individuals want to understand how some people thrive, we shouldRead MoreOutliers-The Story of Success, by Malcolm Gladwell Essay1894 Words   |  8 PagesOutliers-The Story of Success is a sociological, and psychological non-fiction book, which discusses success, and the driving reasons behind why some people are significantly more successful than others. Malcolm Gladwell explains this by dividing the book into two parts, opportunity and legacy. Opportunity discusses how select people are fortunate enough to be born between the months of January through Ma rch, and also includes the idea that those who are already successful will have more opportunitiesRead MoreAnalysis Of Malcolm Gladwell s The Story Of Success 1487 Words   |  6 Pagestheories There are too many times, people have misquoted Malcolm Gladwell’s 10,000- hour rule regarding his being an expert. In his book â€Å"Malcolm Gladwell stated you need to have 10,000 hours in a particular subject to be some sort of expert,† they will often state. The dispute is that, they’re duplicating a misquote from somebody else who has never actually read the book. The 10,000-hour rule is from Gladwell’s book â€Å"The Story of Success† in which if you ever have the chance in reading it I highlyRead MoreWhat Is Success? Wealth and Support? or Opportunity and Talent? (Malcolm Gladwell)790 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is Success? Wealth And Support? Or Opportunity And Talent? Every author is different than one another. Some write fiction, some write non-fiction. Others like to argue and introduce their theories and ideologies to the world. But all authors have one thing in common: each writer has a main point, or main idea, to get across the papers and into our heads. Whether it is a short story, chapter book, article, or even a paragraph written down. Every wordRead MoreIt’s All About the Drive in Outliers: The Story of Success by Malcolm Gladwell657 Words   |  3 PagesIn the second chapter of his book â€Å"Outliers: The Story of Success,† Malcolm Gladwell introduces what he believes to be a key ingredient in the recipe for success: practice. The number of hours he says one must practice to obtain expert-level proficiency in a particular skill is ten thousand hours. He goes on to list several examples of successful individuals and makes the correlation between the amount of hours they practiced their skill and when they achieved e xpert-level proficiency (almost alwaysRead MoreSimilarities and Differences of Outliers: The Story of Success, by Malcolm Gladwell, and the Essay Self-Reliance, by Ralph Waldo Emerson881 Words   |  4 PagesOutliers: The Story of Success, by Malcolm Gladwell, and the essay Self-Reliance, by Ralph Waldo Emerson, interact with each other quite well with many similarities and differences. In Gladwell’s book, he shares many stories of how people become successful, explaining that success is not achieved based on the character traits and work habits of an individual. He says, â€Å"We all know that successful people come from hardy seeds. But do we know enough about the sunlight that warmed them, the soil inRead MoreOutlier1537 Words   |  7 Pageshave thought and understood success compared to the way Malcolm Gladwell argues is the circumstances and families that create success. Previous to reading this book, I strongly believed that the way to become successful was to put i n hard work. For example, my theory to success was similar along the lines to what Malcolm Gladwell discusses earlier in the book. He says, â€Å"Practice isn’t the thing you do once you’re good. It’s the thing you do that makes you good†(Gladwell, 2008). I believed if you practicedRead MoreOutliers, By Malcolm Gladwell1245 Words   |  5 Pagesspan of 3 years? Malcolm Gladwell, the author of Outliers, suspects that there is something more behind this occurrence than just a simple coincidence. He asserts that there is no such thing as a self-made man and success does not come from natural talent, rather it comes from extraordinary opportunities and hidden advantages. In Outliers, Gladwell attempts to debunk the myth that people are successful because of themselves, and not because of other factors. Even Malcolm Gladwell acknowledges that

Discussion on Toyota Motor Corporation-Free-Samples-Myassignment

Question: Who is the CEO of the TMC ? How long has he/she been CEO? Answer: Akio Toyoda (CEO of TMC) (Source: Toyota, 2017) Introduction Toyota Motor Corporation (TMC) is the listed Japanese Company (TM: NYSE) engaged in production and sales of motor vehicles, accessories and spare parts. TMC was founded in August 28, 1937. CEO of TMC Akio Toyoda was born in May 3, 1956. He is 61 years old. He joined the company in April 1984 (Toyota, 2017). Initially he has posted in every automotive operation both in and outside Japan and in June 2000 he became the member of the Board of directors. After that in June 2002, he became the Managing Director and June 2003 he positioned as a senior Managing Director. Further in January 2005, he became the chief officer of both China operations Group and Asia, Oceania and Middle East operations group. Then in June 2005, he became the Executive Vice President where he has the responsibility for maintaining quality, purchase, sales and operations department both for Japan and Overseas. Then since June 2009, Akio Toyoda is the CEO/President of TMC. Family Run Company Toyota Motor Corporation is the Family run company because Akio Toyoda is the grandson of the founder of TMC. He is the part of the Organization from the date of foundation of TMC (Bloomberg, 2017). Total Communication Total calculated remuneration earned by Akio Toyoda during Fiscal year 2016 was 351 million (Form 20-F, 2016) which included 102 million in base compensation and 248 million in bonus. Equity Owned by CEO Akio Toyoda also owned 4, 650, 275 common shares during fiscal year 2016. References Toyota, 2017, Akio Toyoda, viewed on 6 August 2017 from https://toyotanews.pressroom.toyota.com/article_display.cfm?article_id=2280. Bloomberg, 2017, Toyota Motor Corp (7203: Tokyo), viewed on 6 August 2017 from https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/people/person.asp?personId=1828739privcapId=319676. Toyota Global Newsroom, 2017, Akio Toyoda, viewed on 6 August 2017 from https://newsroom.toyota.co.jp/en/detail/1438260/. Form 20-F, 2016, Toyota Motor Corporation, viewed on 6 August 2017 from https://www.toyota-global.com/pages/contents/investors/ir_library/sec/pdf/20-F_201603_final.pdf.

Tim Hertach free essay sample

Tim Hertach exemplifies many of the qualities and traits needed to be a good leader and influence others. He shows integrity and confidence, is forward-thinking and competent. In addition, he seems to be an effective manager, receiving an overall positive evaluation and reinforcement from his senior partners. Though this would suggest he holds some personal power with upper management, he is unable to influence the two recent issues described in the case. Hertach needed to focus on two general ways in which he could have better influenced his senior partners: through his personal leader development and tactical approach. The first would have taken time prior to the introduction of either issue: evaluate and improve his EQ (emotional intelligence). He needed to evaluate his strengths and weaknesses, and in-turn work to gain personal power and empowerment from his senior managers. In truth, he needed to have focused on this from the point that he became partner. We will write a custom essay sample on Tim Hertach or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The second again involves his EQ but focuses on his immediate reaction and approach in the moment. Hertach needed to better evaluate his tactical approach in influencing upward before responding in the revaluation meeting or sending the initial email questioning past practices. Regarding his personal power development at GLC, Hertach needed to improve his relationship management and social awareness. Understanding the GLC culture and his superiors (the senior partners), should have been something Hertach did from the moment he was promoted. With a stronger EQ he may have done this and would have realized that not all styles of leadership are successful in every situation. He also would have realized that he would need to adapt his own style when dealing with the senior partners. New principal, Joe Clark in Lean on Me experiences this same phenomenon. Though in Clark’s case he is managing downward, he also takes a Theory X, assertive leading approach. Like Hertach, Clark’s staff does not react well to this style of leading. However by the end of the film Clark changes his approach to group cooperation and is much more successful. Understanding his staff helped him realize he needed to adapt his style of leading. This could also work in leading and influencing upward for Hertach. Hertach is described as a strong-willed leader who takes pride in his â€Å"blunt† approach with clients. His honesty, filled with rationality and logic, seems to be generally appreciated by clients. However, he attempts these same tactics with his senior partners and is ignored. The difference between his clients and his senior partners is trust. Expertise presented in the correct way, can be an avenue for influencing upward as is seen in the film Erin Brockovich, especially if the person presenting seems to care deeply about the cause. Brockovich, though brash in her approach is able to show her knowledge and affection for her clients and gains credibility that way. Hertach was not communicating to the senior partners in the most efficient way for his audience. Understanding the management and communication styles of superiors is important. Not to mention that, like Tom Green in Challenge The Boss or Stand Down, a subordinate should never challenge upper management in a public forum. Even with the evidence to support his opinions, Hertach’s ideas would not have been considered. He caused humiliation and anxiety in a public situation, effectively losing any trust he may have had with the senior partners presenting and those present in the meeting. Likewise, Hertach should not have included the CEO on the email to the two senior partners regarding the unethical billing practices. Building trust requires building relationships. Hertach needed to manage and develop relationships with the senior partners. In an environment such as GLC, where a large amount of hires occur internally and the culture emphasizes â€Å"friendly† communication, internal relationships are key to gaining personal power. To effectively influence, it would also benefit him to be â€Å"liked† by the senior partners. He did focus on one relationship with Morton, however Morton’s lack of history at the firm (as he was an outside hire) could suggest that he does not hold as much power as other senior partners. Though Hertach gets along well with him and they develop some loyalty towards each other, he should have focused on gaining support from other senior partners as well. Another facet of this audience includes his peers, the other partners. Many partners and managers beneath him had agreed privately with his concerns. He should have organized support within this group. Perhaps a coalition could have more effectively presented a united front and opinion to the senior partners. Had Hertach improved his EQ, chosen a different forum and approach, he would still have needed to employ better influencing and persuasive tactics to succeed in managing up. He did employ rationality, which gave him a certain level of credibility. As described in the Managing Up article reasoning and logic are valued highly in our society and researchers indeed found that managers who use reason more than other managers tend to be regarded as higher performing. Perhaps if Hertach had combined this with the ingratiation tactic, he would have been more successful. Because he did not have existing relationships, he should have focused on influencing tactics that could engender trust with his senior partners in short period of time. Hertach should have made himself seem less threatening and avoided assertiveness. He could have tried to speak with any of the senior partners after hours in a non-work related atmosphere and tried to find commonalities on a more personal level. In Challenge the Boss or Stand Down, Tom Green makes this type of connection with a VP at a training session which eventually leads to a job opportunity. Finding common ground and making a connection with Shannon prompts a conversation where he impresses her. This idea is further confirmed by the theory in The Science of Persuasion which outlines tendencies of human behavior that can affect a positive response in influencing or persuading. One of the tendencies described that also applies to this idea is Liking. Hertach should have kept this in mind when trying to influence his senior partners. The Science of Persuasion article explains that people prefer to say yes to those they like. Creating connections or relationships with his senior partners and finding similarities as explained above, leads to liking. Directness or assertiveness can have the opposite effect, placing people on the defensive and essentially distancing oneself from them. Hertach should have chosen more positive routes to be perceived as likeable. Compliments and cooperation, for example, could have helped in influencing, or they may not have. Either way, Hertach did not have good impression management which affected the senior partners’ response to his concerns. At the present point, Hertach would need to evaluate how his actions have affected his potential within GLC and whether they could help dictate his future success. His interactions with the senior partners and approach in these two situations may have resulted in permanent resentment and distrust. Likely the senior partners, as a group, are loyal to one another. It is also fair to assume that they are not leaving any time soon. The forecasted 6 senior  partners expected to leave the firm after the revaluation plan was put into effect, did not. Creating a poor rapport with those persons that hold positional power in the company, is not the way to gain personal power or succeed, and Hertach may have caused irreparable damage. Next, Hertach needs to think about his fit within the company and office culture. His concerns are valid. The company could suffer financially under the new revaluation program and the billing practices are unethical. Unfortunately, it does not look like GLC is the type of culture that embraces change. While investigating the billing practices, there are many people who knew about the practices and said nothing, or did not see a problem with them. As the reinforcement theory suggests, when accepted behavior is rewarded that same behavior will continue. Perhaps if he held greater positional power, Hertach would be more successful in changing GLC, but it seems this behavior has been widely accepted and taught within GLC. He has two options: he can apologize and try to gain back trust; or he can go into a line of work that seems to fit his style better. I would suggest the latter. Dorel Juvenile Group is a consumer products company and I’ve learned a great deal from my experience over the past three years. Tim Hertach’s honest, ethical and expert leading style is exactly what a company looks for in someone who runs their own operation and as a consultant. He would create his own schedule, terms, and continue to advise clients. Hertach’s client relationships are a strength. If he employs the same tactics on an individual consulting level, he would be able to self-manage and his clients would continue to be the ones who would empower him.